# s-behav: to comfort small fish, by more than a third

<< the  presence  of  large  predatory  fish  reduced stress  levels  in  baby  prey  fish  by  more  than  a  third,  by  scaring  off  midsize  predators >.

Tanya  Lewis. Small  Fish  Comforted  By  Big  Predators. Baby  fish  show  fewer  signs  of  stress  in  the  presence  of  large  fish  that  scare  off  midsize predators. April  28,  2016

http://mobile.the-scientist.com/article/45964/study-small-fish-comforted-by-big-predators

Maria  M.  Palacios, Shaun  S.  Killen, et al. Top  predators  negate  the  effect  of  mesopredators  on  prey  physiology. Journal of Animal Ecology. 25 April 2016. DOI:10.1111/1365-2656.12523

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2656.12523/full

# n-socsci: immunita' da padrini

<< L'attività  di  inchiesta [1] ha  dimostrato  che  nessuna  forza politica,  anche  con  le  migliori  intenzioni,  può  ritenersi  immune  dal  condizionamento  o  peggio  dall'infiltrazione. >>

[1] Commissione  Antimafia. "Relazione  sulla  Trasparenza  delle  candidature",  relatrice Rosy  Bindi. 27/4/2016

http://www.corriere.it/notizie-ultima-ora/Cronache/Mafia-nessuna-forze-politiche-immune/27-04-2016/1-A_025646867.shtml

<< Esame della proposta di relazione sulla trasparenza delle candidature ed efficacia dei controlli per prevenire l’infiltrazione mafiosa negli enti locali in occasione delle elezioni amministrative >>

<< N.B.: Il resoconto stenografico della seduta della Commissione è pubblicato in un fascicolo a parte.>>

http://www.camera.it/leg17/436?shadow_organo_parlamentare=2328

http://documenti.camera.it/leg17/resoconti/commissioni/bollettini/pdf/2016/04/27/leg.17.bol0632.data20160427.com24.pdf

FonT: non ho trovato il link del "fascicolo a parte" ...

# s-acad: a curious academic circle: you have to fund, you have to pay to read, you have to pay to publish, you have to ...

<<  Innovation  can  come  from  anywhere—not  just  academics—but  only  if  we  allow  for a  non-linear  and  unrestricted  approach  to  inquiry  and  discovery. >>

Ryan  Merkley  (@ryanmerkley ). You  Pay  to  Read  Research  You  Fund.  That’s Ludicrous. April 18, 2016

http://www.wired.com/2016/04/stealing-publicly-funded-research-isnt-stealing/

https://twitter.com/ryanmerkley/status/722029628777492482

# s-brain: tracing Charlie ...

<< Do  you  like  surprises?  If  you  don’t,  it  might  be  because  our  nervous  system  works  very  hard  to avoid  being  surprised.  This  often  involves  the  nervous  system  trying  to  predict  or  “model”  its own  future  as  accurately  as  possible.  For  example,  when  we  are  listening  to  a  string  of  sounds that  appears  to  be  unpredictable,  such  as  a  Charlie  Parker-esque  saxophone  solo,  our  brain  will still  try  to  predict  what  the  next  note  will  be >>

Jonas Obleser. Perception:  Tell  me  something  I  don’t  know. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15853 Published  April  19,  2016. eLife  2016;5:e15853

http://elifesciences.org/content/5/e15853v1

https://twitter.com/eLife/status/724269430989983744

# s-gst: subtle, interacting internal waves

<< This  photograph,  taken  from  the  International  Space  Station  (ISS),  shows  the  north  coast  of  Trinidad  and  a  series  of  subtle, interacting  arcs  in  the  southeastern  Caribbean  Sea.  These  are  known  as  “internal  waves,”  the  surface  manifestation  of  slow waves  that  move  tens  of  meters  beneath  the  sea  surface.  Internal  waves  produce  enough  of  an  effect  on  the  sea  surface  to be  seen  from  space,  but  only  where  they  are  enhanced  due  to  reflection  of  sunlight,  or  sunglint,  back  towards  the  International Space  Station. The  image  shows  at  least  three  sets  of  internal  waves  interacting.  The  most  prominent  set  (image  top  left)  shows  a  packet  of several  waves  moving  from  the  northwest  due  to  the  tidal  flow  towards  the  north  coast  of  Trinidad.  Two  less  prominent, younger  sets  can  be  seen  further  out  to  sea.  A  very  broad  set  enters  the  view  from  the  north  and  northeast,  and  interacts  at image  top  center  with  the  first  set.  All  the  internal  waves  are  probably  caused  by  the  shelf  break  near  Tobago  (outside  the image  to  top  right).  The  shelf  break  is  the  step  between  shallow  seas  (around  continents  and  islands)  and  the  deep  ocean.  It is  the  line  at  which  tides  usually  start  to  generate  internal  waves. >>

NASA Earth Observatory.  Internal Waves off Northern Trinidad. February 4, 2013

http://m.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=80337

image: download  large  image  (391  KB,  JPEG,  1440x960)

http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/80000/80337/ISS034-E-032377_lrg.jpg

# s-gst-apopt: a particular form of "orchestrated death"

<< The most aggressive form of pancreatic cancer -- often described as one of the hardest malignancies to diagnose and treat -- thrives in the presence of neighboring tumor cells undergoing a particular form of "orchestrated cell death."  >>

<< Our findings are the first to show that cancer cell death via necroptosis  [programmed  necrosis] can actually promote tumor growth, as this process results in suppression of the body's immune response against the cancer, (..) what is equally significant is that these findings might also be relevant to other tumor types. >>

<< This  study  exemplifies  the  importance  of  examining  cancer  within  the  actual  context  in  which  it grows (..) In  our  initial  studies,  inhibiting  necroptosis  in  PDAC [pancreatic  ductal  adenocarcinoma] cells  increased  their  ability  to  grow  in tissue  culture.  However,  when  we  began  to  study  the  same  process  in  mice,  we  were  surprised to  see  just  the  opposite  effect,  and  this  was  mainly  due  to  the  immune  response  of  the  cells surrounding  the  tumor. >>

NYU LANGONE MEDICAL CENTER / NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. Cell  death  mechanism  may  -  paradoxically  -  enable aggressive  pancreatic  cells  to  live  on. 22-Apr-2016

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-04/nlmc-cdm042216.php

Lena  Seifert , Gregor  Werba, et al. The  necrosome  promotes  pancreatic  oncogenesis via  CXCL1  and  Mincle-induced  immune  suppression. Nature 532, 245–249 (14 April 2016) doi:10.1038/nature17403.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v532/n7598/full/nature17403.html

# s-brain: tweeting in empathic brains ...

<< (..) few positive learning experiences are sufficient to increase empathy. >>

Hein G, Engelmann JB, et al. How learning shapes the empathic brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jan 5;113(1):80-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1514539112.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26699464