# life: mudskippers use tail thrusting to help crutching to move on mud of various wetness.

<< ️At the water-land interface, amphibious fishes encounter wet flowable substrates made of granular solid-water mixtures, which can stay solid or flow like a fluid. As these substrates become wetter or drier, their yield strength (at which solid-fluid transition occurs) and cohesion (how sticky they are) both change, challenging locomotion. Despite substantial understanding of tetrapod locomotion on flowable substrates (mostly dry sand), we know little about how amphibious fishes cope with wet flowable substrates of various wetness. >>

<< ️Here, (AA) studied mudskippers on clay mud of controlled, variable wetness over the range where solid-fluid transition occurs. As mud became wetter, its strength decreased by 100-fold, leading the animal to sink deeper, with larger areas of body and fins contacting mud. By contrast, mud stuck most easily at intermediate wetness. The increased sinkage and contact and stickiness change caused more mud to stick to and pull against the animal on wetter mud. >>

<< ️(AA) also tested dry mud, which stuck to animal fins as its mucus dried. Despite these challenges, the mudskipper predominately used a conserved crutching gait on all except the wettest mud tested, with a modest performance reduction. When normal crutching became less effective, the animal assisted it with tail thrusting, by bending and straightening it to push downward and backward to generate additional thrust and lift, or even thrusting the tail to jump. >>

<< ️These observations suggest that mudskipper's crutching motor program is well adapted to its native muddy substrates but inflexible, with most novelty in tail use. >>

Divya Ramesh, Gargi Sadalgekar, Jiangqi Tan, et al. Mudskippers use tail thrusting to help crutching to move on mud of various wetness. arXiv: 2609.00564v1 [physics.bio-ph]. Sep 1, 2026.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00564

Also: walk, walking, dance, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, locomotion, walk, walking, dance, transitions, wet flowable substrates, granular solid-water mixtures, solid-fluid transitions, mudskippers. 

# gst: noise-shaped synchrony in neuronal oscillator networks.

<< ️Stochastic fluctuations often act as promoters of activity in excitable and oscillatory systems, giving rise to phenomena such as coherence resonance. Here, (AA) show that in the low-intensity regime, noise plays a dual role in weakly coupled neuronal units: It can both inhibit collective spiking and, with increasing intensity, restore coordinated activity. For a ring of diffusively coupled, oscillatory FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons, (They) demonstrate how the interplay of noise and coupling strength organizes a rich set of collective dynamical states. >> 

<< ️(AA) systematically classify emergent dynamical scenarios by an in-depth time-series analysis that integrates multiple complementary measures. (They) are able to automatically identify five distinct dynamical clusters in parameter space: pure noise, quiescent state, noisy synchronization, complete synchronization, and intermittent switching. (Their) workflow provides a general, automated framework for characterizing collective dynamics in coupled oscillator networks. >>

Max Contreras, Philipp Hövel. Noise-shaped synchrony in neuronal oscillator networks. Phys. Rev. E 114, L022302. Aug 26, 2026. 

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/sxl4-6mdm

Also: noise, brain, neuro, disorder & fluctuations, random, intermittency, network, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, noise, brain, disorder, fluctuations, randomness, networks, coupled oscillator networks, stochasticity, stochastic fluctuations, coherence resonance, collective spiking inhibition, restored coordinated activity, pure noise, quiescent state, noisy synchronization, complete synchronization, intermittent switching.

# gst: braids of three strands and geodesics shooting in SL_2(R).

<< ️(AA) describe in detail and provide computer code for constructing optimal geometric braids of three strands from algebraic data encoding the braiding pattern. >>

<< ️The exposition is complete and multi-pronged, aimed at a broad spectrum of readers. (Numerous figures are the backbone of the narrative and should be viewed in color.) >>

Jaroslaw (Jarek) Kwapisz. Braids of Three Strands and Geodesics Shooting in SL_2(R). arXiv: 2608.21484v1 [math.DG]. Aug 21, 2026.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21484

Also: perception, metamorphosis, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, perception, metamorphosis, transitions. 

# gst: the ultimate state of elastic turbulence.

<< The asymptotic properties, with vanishing viscosity, of inertial turbulence in Newtonian fluids have been of intense scrutiny over the years. Much less is known about elastic turbulence - a distinct spatio-temporally chaotic state exhibited by viscoelastic fluids. >>

<< In this work, using direct numerical simulations of turbulence in a triperiodic box, (AA) show that elastic turbulence achieves an ultimate state with increasing polymer relaxation time, i.e., the Deborah number, for two different constitutive models (Oldroyd-B and FENE-P). >>

<< In the limiting state, various bulk quantities - the fluid dissipation, the polymeric energy transfer, as well as the elastic stresses - are shown to become independent of the polymer relaxation time scale, notwithstanding the microstructure deformation scales distinctly depending on the model. >>

Piyush Garg, Marco Edoardo Rosti. The ultimate state of elastic turbulence. arXiv: 2608.26479v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Aug 27, 2026.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26479

Also: elastic, turbulence, chaos, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, elasticity, turbulence, chaos, vanishing viscosity, inertial turbulence, elastic turbulence, elastic stress, viscoelastic fluids, polymer relaxation.

# gst: self-organizing chimera states in adaptive networks.

<< ️(AA) propose a minimal adaptive network model with product-form coupling that reduces dimensionality while capturing key features of synaptic plasticity. The system spontaneously self-organizes into adaptive chimera states, where identical oscillators separate into synchronized and desynchronized groups through adaptive weight dynamics. >>

<< These adaptive chimeras organize into branches with fixed coherent cluster fraction and exhibit transitions between stationary, breathing, and chaotic collective dynamics, revealing a collective bifurcation structure. Crucially, the resulting attractor landscape is highly multistable: repeated cluster reorganizations generate distinct dynamical pathways that coexist within the same parameter regime and depend sensitively on initial conditions. >>

Felix Augustsson, Rok Cestnik, Matthias Wolfrum, et al. Self-organizing Chimera States in Adaptive Networks. arXiv: 2608.20517v1 [nlin.AO]. Aug 20, 2026.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20517

Also: chimera, self-assembly, network, chaos, transition, brain, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, chimera, self-assembly, networks, transitions, brain, oscillators, adaptive chimera, synaptic plasticity, synchronized- desynchronized stationary states, breathing, chaotic collective dynamics, collective bifurcations, multistable attractors.

# gst: hypothesis of stable rotating vortex clusters in three-dimensional quantum droplets

<< ️(AA) predict a new type of stable three-dimensional (3D) vortex quantum droplets in binary Bose-Einstein condensate arranged into ring clusters that per-sistently rotate in the external potential. In contrast to clusters composed from localized quantum droplets, the states introduced here represent interacting vortex lines with identical topological charges nested in common 3D envelope and existing in much broader parameter range in comparison with local-ized quantum droplets. >>

<< ️The intricate interplay between mean-field nonlinearity of Bose-Einstein condensate, quantum fluctuations described by Lee-Huang-Yang correction, Coriolis force arising due to rotation, and external potential leads to substantial variations of cluster shape upon increase of its rotation frequency. >>

<< ️Rotating vortex clusters bifurcate from single-vortex quantum droplets and exist only above critical value of the rotation frequency that decreases with increase of chemical potential and depends on the number of vortex lines in the cluster. The radius of the cluster decreases with increase of rotation frequency and weakly varies with chemical potential, which determines mostly localization of the individual vortices in cluster and overall width of its envelope. >>

<< ️Vortex droplet clusters are very robust objects existing in stable form in wide intervals of the number of particles for any number (odd or even) of vortex lines forming them. (AA) results may open the route to observation of stable arrays of vortex lines of different configurations per-forming regular collective motion in condensate. >>

Liangwei Dong, Yaroslav V. Kartashov. Stable rotating vortex clusters in three-dimensional quantum droplets. arXiv: 2608.24036v1 [nlin.PS]. Aug 25, 2026.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24036

Also: Vortex solitons in twisted circular waveguide arrays. Ago 22, 2022. https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2022/08/gst-vortex-solitons-in-twisted-circular.html

Also: vortex, drop, droplet, droploid, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, vortex, drops, droplets.

# gst: non-normal route to chaos

<< Deterministic chaos is usually associated with local spectral expansion: Jacobian eigenvalues are expected to exceed unity somewhere on the attractor. (AA) show that this view is incomplete in dimensions 𝑑>1. For non-normal Jacobians, pointwise spectral stability can suggest everywhere local contraction, while nonorthogonal eigenvectors still allow transient singular-vector amplification. >>

<< (AA) construct four low-dimensional deterministic maps realizing this mechanism: partition-reinjected, phase-prescribed, feedback-driven, and affine-reinjected non-normal routes to chaos. In all cases, the sampled one-step Jacobian remains spectrally stable at every point on the attractor away from switching boundaries, with the eigenvalues of the common planar core fixed inside the unit disk. Nevertheless, increasing non-normality raises the maximal Lyapunov exponent from negative to positive values, corresponding to sustained asymptotic chaos, not transient chaos. Across the four classes, the common signature is spectral radius 𝜌max traj<1, singular value 𝜎max traj>1, maximal Lyapunov exponent 𝜆1>0, and an increase of attractor dimension. >>

<< These examples identify non-normality and recurrent reinjection of transiently amplified directions as a deterministic route to chaos distinct from eigenvalue instability. >>

D. Sornette, V.R. Saiprasad, V. Troude. Non-normal route to chaos. Phys. Rev. E 114, 024222. Aug 27, 2026.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/z9qv-51yj

arXiv: 2603.08191v2 [nlin.CD]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08191

Also: attractor, chaos, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, attractor, chaos, transitions