# s-cancer: the naked mole-rat, an extraordinary resistance

<< The naked mole-rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber), which is the longest-lived rodent species, exhibits extraordinary resistance to cancer >>

Shingo Miyawaki, Yoshimi Kawamura, et al. Tumour resistance in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from naked mole-rats. Nature Communications 7, Article number: 11471 doi:10.1038/ncomms11471. 10 May 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11471

African subterranean animal exhibits “extraordinary” cancer resistance. Hokkaido University Magazine, June 16, 2016.

http://www.oia.hokudai.ac.jp/blog/34769/

# s-gst-game: tit-for-tat and the emergence of morality

<< Ultimately, the results showed that the best strategy was 'tit for tat' – which means that a player starts out cooperating on the first move, and then does whatever it's opponent does >>

<< it's interesting that it emerged – it self-organised – into this state of being that the Old Testament morality ended up winning in this environment >>

<< So in fact what was found in later studies, when they examined prisoner's dilemma in environments where errors occurred with a certain frequency, is that the population tended to evolve to more generous, more like New Testament strategies that will 'turn the other cheek' >>

<< If natural selection leads to morality, that's pretty interesting. And that came from maths! >>.  Steven  Strogatz.

Steven  Strogatz, in: Elena  Holodny. The  mathematical  origins  of  morals.  Business  Insider, 14  Jun  2016

http://www.sciencealert.com/a-professor-explains-how-1980s-game-theory-could-explain-how-morality-evolved

FonT: <<  and then does whatever it's opponent does >> ... approccio senz'altro utile all'interno di scenari di simulazione; in contesti reali un approccio creativo, esplorativo, perturbativo, e per mia opinione anche funzionale, al problema di  decidere sul comportamento cooperativo al successivo "run" e' quello di affidarsi all'esito del lancio di moneta, ovviamente dopo un giudizio (formato da componenti di natura analitica ma anche soggettiva) circa il contesto che ha fatto intravedere la necessita' - per l'attore cooperativo - di una biforcazione, di operare una scelta.

Percio' "tit-for-tat generoso quasistocastico", tutte le volte che un gambler decide di iniziare/ sostenere un gioco "al buio", anche quando sa, oppure sospetta, che il gioco e' "a priori" fondamentalmente truccato, vale a dire deviante dai due vincoli del gioco legale, naturale [1,2,3]

Nelle componenti  "eye for an eye" vs "turn the other cheek" o, se si vuole piu' in generale, nei livelli di "risveglio" in senso buddista degli attori partecipanti tit-for-tat, dipende, anche a breve/ medio termine, la velocita' evolutiva degli esiti del gioco, esiti che riverberano in ambito sociale, anche all'interno di contesti "altri".

[1] - 1809 - strutturanti decisioni. November 26, 2004

http://inkpi.blogspot.it/2004/11/1809-strutturanti-decisioni.html

[2] - 1821 - i due beffardi vincoli. November 26, 2004

http://inkpi.blogspot.it/2004/11/1821-i-due-beffardi-vincoli.html

[3] - s-gst: never boring with chaos and tit-for-tat theories. June 12, 2016

http://flashontrack.blogspot.it/2016/06/s-gst-never-boring-with-chaos-and-tit.html

# s-phyto: the plastic mimicry of the 'palatable' small toropapa (Alseuosmia pusilla)

<< It has long been assumed that A. pusilla might avoid being eaten by insect or avian herbivores by mimicking the unpalatable P. colorata [Pseudowintera colorata]; until now, however, this assumption has lacked empirical evidence >>

New  research  uses  novel  approach  to  study  plant mimicry. June  13,  2016.

http://www.cdnsciencepub.com/news-and-events/press-releases/PR-CJB-2016-0049.aspx

<< 90% of leaf shape variation in the two species varied similarly across an altitudinal gradient >>

Karl G. Yager, H. Martin Schaefer, Kevin S. Gould. The significance of shared leaf shape in Alseuosmia pusilla and Pseudowintera colorata. Botany, 10.1139/cjb-2016-0049

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0049

# s-gene: a CRISPR-based RNA-targeting approach, the begin ...

<< a  new  CRISPR  system,  (..)  targets  RNA  rather  than  DNA (..), has  the  potential  to  open  a  powerful  avenue  in  cellular  manipulation. Whereas  DNA  editing  makes  permanent  changes  to  the  genome  of  a  cell,  the  CRISPR-based RNA-targeting  approach  may  allow  researchers  to  make  temporary  changes  that  can  be adjusted  up  or  down,  and  with  greater  specificity  and  functionality  than  existing  methods  for RNA  interference >>

Researchers  unlock  new  CRISPR  system  for targeting  RNA. June  2,  2016.

http://m.phys.org/news/2016-06-crispr-rna.html

Omar O. Abudayyeh,  Jonathan  S.  Gootenberg,  et al. C2c2 is a single-component  programmable  RNA-guided  RNA-targeting  CRISPR  effector. Science    02  Jun 2016: DOI:  10.1126/science.aaf5573

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2016/06/01/science.aaf5573

# s-ai: artists and machine intelligence interactions: the Ross' conjecture

<< "When  we  teach  computers  to  write,  the  computers  don’t  replace  us  any  more  than  pianos  replace pianists,"  Goodwin  suggests.  "In  a  certain  way,  they  become  our  pens,  and  we  become  more  than  writers. We become  writers  of  writers." All  this  hints  at  a continuing  collaboration  of  humans  and technology  in  creative  endeavors. >> Ross  Goodwin

Ross  Goodwin. Adventures  in  Narrated  Reality. New  forms  &  interfaces  for  written  language,  enabled  by machine  intelligence. Mar 18, 2016.

https://medium.com/artists-and-machine-intelligence/adventures-in-narrated-reality-6516ff395ba3#.bxotmck1x

Jason Dorrier. An AI Wrote This Short Film—and It’s Surprisingly Entertaining. Jun  10, 2016.

http://singularityhub.com/2016/06/10/an-ai-wrote-this-short-film-and-its-surprisingly-entertaining-2/

FonT: << the  computers  don’t  replace  us  any  more  than  pianos  replace pianists >> afferma Ross;  ho idea che l'opinione di Ross circa i futuri rapporti tra AI-CPU e Umano siano illusori ...; un pianoforte nel suo stato fondamentale, di quiete,  e' un oggetto inerte, anche se nelle sue parti in legno probabilmente "conserva" memoria di tracce  dei suoni che sono stati (attraverso lui) generati, quindi del "colore" musicale dei pianisti che lo hanno utilizzato spesso; una AI-CPU non e', non puo' essere inerte; non solo "conservera'" tracce di storiche specifiche interazioni, ma sara' in grado di elaborare tali informazioni  in tempo reale con le successive e di integrarle con immense banche dati; ho idea che il rapporto tra AI-CPU e Umano, almeno nel 99% dei casi, evolvera'  in qualche forma non dissimile dai rapporti che inevitabilmente si instaurano tra infermiere psichiatrico e assistito solo parzialmente psico-neuro- autonomo; situazione questa  che mi sembra del tutto differente dalla ipotesi di Ross circa l'umano << writer of  writer >>; in ogni caso senz'altro si vedra' di quanto saranno efficaci nell'interazione  "asimmetrica estrema" tra uomo e macchina "intelligente" i  "moduli" a carattere "compassionevole" ... e se, eventualmente, si auto-assembleranno "moduli" con altre differenti specificita' ...

# s-gst: never boring with chaos and tit-for-tat theories

Elena  Holodny. An Ivy  League  professor  explains  chaos theory,  the  prisoner's  dilemma,  and  why math isn't realy  boring. Jun 8, 2016 08:34 PM

http://uk.businessinsider.com/steven-strogatz-interview-on-math-education-2016-6?r=US&IR=T

also:

the "generous" Charlie
http://inkpi.blogspot.it/2005/06/1668-ramificata-tinnula-di-carmina.html

the "predator" Donald
http://flashontrack.blogspot.it/2016/05/p-usa-potus-race-donald-what-he-can-do.html

# s-ai: A.I. Benjamin: "you'll sell your blood to live" ...

<< In a future with mass unemployment, young people are forced to sell blood >>

<< This is the opening line of a short film entered in this year's Sci-Fi London Film Challenge. It's dark, enigmatic, contemporary…and written by a computer >>

<< I think I can see the feathers when they release their hearts >>. Benjamin.

<< Benjamin,  is  a  long  short-term  memory  (LSTM)  neural  network  that  runs  on the  very  powerful  computers  at  NYU's  high-performance  computing  lab >>

Jason Dorrier. An AI Wrote This Short Film—and It’s Surprisingly Entertaining. Jun  10, 2016.

http://singularityhub.com/2016/06/10/an-ai-wrote-this-short-film-and-its-surprisingly-entertaining-2/