# gst: apropos of turbulences close to a wall, the repetitive structure of a vortex

<< At the boundary where a fluid flows over a fixed structure, a turbulent boundary layer is created where the fluid interacts with the wall, creating eddies in the current. These eddies may seem to be random on first glance, but they actually create distinct patterns, with countless tiny eddies close to the wall; fewer but larger eddies located a little farther out; and even fewer, but still larger, eddies beyond those. >>

<< "We knew that, underlying these very complicated structures, there had to be a very simple pattern. We just didn't know what that pattern was until now," says McKeon, who next plans to dig deeper into the model to quantify just how many eddies should be included to create an accurate representation of the whole. >>

Engineers exploit the repeating structure of turbulence to create a more complete model of the phenomenon. California Institute of Technology. Nov 6, 2019.

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-11-exploit-turbulence-phenomenon.html

Beverley J. McKeon. Self-similar hierarchies and attached eddies. Phys. Rev. Fluids 4, 082601(R). Aug 26, 2019.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.4.082601

# gst: multiple singularities by optical vortices (a 30y review)

<< Vortices are common phenomena that widely exist in nature, from quantum vortices in liquid nitrogen to ocean circulation and typhoon vortices and even spiral galaxies in the Milky Way. Vortices also exist in optics, the concept of which was first proposed by theoretical physicist Pierre Coullet and colleagues [Opt. Commun. 73, 403 (1989)] thirty years ago. Hitherto, owing to their amazing structures, optical vortices have engendered tremendous advanced applications such as optical tweezers, quantum entanglement, and nonlinear optics, throughout every branch of modern optics. >>

Commemorating 30 years of optical vortices: A comprehensive review. 

Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Nov 4, 2019.

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-11-commemorating-years-optical-vortices-comprehensive.html

Yijie Shen, Xuejiao Wang, et al. Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities. Light: Science & Applications volume 8, Article number: 90. Oct 2, 2019.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-019-0194-2

# behav: 'run and tumble' behavior (among bacteria)

<< Bacteria in groundwater move in surprising ways. They can passively ride flowing groundwater, or they can actively move on their own in what scientists call "run and tumble" behavior.  >>

AA << noted a distinct run (movement in one direction) followed by a tumble (a sudden, random change in direction). By calculating the length and timing of these movements, they could develop a simple Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) model to predict how the bacteria would move. When compared to current models for bacterial remediation, the CTRW model was better at predicting bacterial transport in many circumstances. The CTRW model is the first step in developing and testing new reactive transport models that incorporate bacterial transport behavior.  >>

Rishi Parashar. Calculating 'run and tumble' behavior of bacteria in groundwater. Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. Oct 31, 2019. 

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-behavior-bacteria-groundwater.html  

Xueke Yang, Rishi Parashar, et al. On Modeling Ensemble Transport of Metal Reducing Motile Bacteria. Scientific Reports volume 9, Article number: 14638. Oct 10, 2019. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51271-0

# behav: adaptive synchronizations; the tendency to anticipate during auditory rhythms

<< Dancing and playing music require people to coordinate actions with auditory rhythms. In laboratory perception-action coordination tasks, people are asked to synchronize taps with a metronome. When synchronizing with a metronome, people tend to anticipate stimulus onsets, tapping slightly before the stimulus. The anticipation tendency increases with longer stimulus periods of up to 3500ms, but is less pronounced in trained individuals like musicians compared to non-musicians.  >>

Iran R. Roman, Auriel Washburn, et al.  Delayed feedback embedded in perception-action coordination cycles results in anticipation behavior during synchronized rhythmic action: A dynamical systems approach. PLoS Comput Biol 15(10): e1007371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007371. Oct 31, 2019.

https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007371

Delayed neural communication may underlie anticipatory behaviors. Public Library of Science. Oct 31, 2019.

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-neural-underlie-anticipatory-behaviors.html

# evol: apropos of our origin, the KhoeSan trunk of the human tree

<< Where was the evolutionary birthplace of modern humans? The East African Great Rift Valley has long been the favoured contender – until today. (AA) new research has used DNA to trace humanity’s earliest footsteps to a prehistoric wetland called Makgadikgadi-Okavango, south of the Great Zambezi River. >>

<< KhoeSan have the most diverse mitogenomes of anyone on Earth, which suggests their DNA most closely resembles that of our shared common ancestors. If we all sit on branches of the human family tree, then KhoeSan are the tree's trunk. >>

Vanessa Hayes. Humanity’s birthplace: why everyone alive today can call northern Botswana home. University of Sydney. Oct 28, 2019.

https://theconversation.com/humanitys-birthplace-why-everyone-alive-today-can-call-northern-botswana-home-125814

Eva K. F. Chan, Axel Timmermann, et al.  Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations. Nature (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1. Oct 28, 2019.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1    

# gst: spontaneous spin-sliding of volatile drops

<< When a volatile solvent droplet is deposited on a freely floating swellable sheet, it can spontaneously become lobed, asymmetric, and either spin, slide or move via a combination of the two.  This process of symmetry-breaking is a consequence of the solvent droplet swelling the membrane and its inhomogeneous evaporation from the membrane, coupled with the hydrodynamics within the droplet. By tuning the membrane thickness and the droplet size, (AA) find a critical threshold that determines the transition from a quiescent spherical cap state to a self-piloted motile state.>>

Aditi Chakrabarti, Gary P. T. Choi, L. Mahadevan. Spontaneous spin-sliding of volatile drops on swelling sheets. arXiv:1910.07064v1 [cond-mat.soft]  Oct 15, 2019. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07064   

# gst: the three-body problem approach using deep neural networks

AA << show that an ensemble of solutions obtained using an arbitrarily precise numerical integrator can be used to train a deep artificial neural network (..) that, over a bounded time interval, provides accurate solutions at fixed computational cost and up to 100 million times faster than a state-of-the-art solver. >>

Philip G. Breen, Christopher N. Foley,  et al. Newton vs the machine: solving the chaotic three-body problem using deep neural networks. arXiv: 1910.07291v1 [astro-ph.GA] Oct 16, 2019

https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07291

A neural net solves the three-body problem 100 million times faster. By Emerging Technology from the arXiv. 

Oct 26, 2019. 

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614597/a-neural-net-solves-the-three-body-problem-100-million-times-faster/

Also

keyword "three" in FonT    

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=three

keyword "three" in Notes      

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=three