# gst: spontaneous spin-sliding of volatile drops

<< When a volatile solvent droplet is deposited on a freely floating swellable sheet, it can spontaneously become lobed, asymmetric, and either spin, slide or move via a combination of the two.  This process of symmetry-breaking is a consequence of the solvent droplet swelling the membrane and its inhomogeneous evaporation from the membrane, coupled with the hydrodynamics within the droplet. By tuning the membrane thickness and the droplet size, (AA) find a critical threshold that determines the transition from a quiescent spherical cap state to a self-piloted motile state.>>

Aditi Chakrabarti, Gary P. T. Choi, L. Mahadevan. Spontaneous spin-sliding of volatile drops on swelling sheets. arXiv:1910.07064v1 [cond-mat.soft]  Oct 15, 2019. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07064   

# gst: the three-body problem approach using deep neural networks

AA << show that an ensemble of solutions obtained using an arbitrarily precise numerical integrator can be used to train a deep artificial neural network (..) that, over a bounded time interval, provides accurate solutions at fixed computational cost and up to 100 million times faster than a state-of-the-art solver. >>

Philip G. Breen, Christopher N. Foley,  et al. Newton vs the machine: solving the chaotic three-body problem using deep neural networks. arXiv: 1910.07291v1 [astro-ph.GA] Oct 16, 2019

https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07291

A neural net solves the three-body problem 100 million times faster. By Emerging Technology from the arXiv. 

Oct 26, 2019. 

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614597/a-neural-net-solves-the-three-body-problem-100-million-times-faster/

Also

keyword "three" in FonT    

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=three

keyword "three" in Notes      

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=three

# brain: to test schizophrenia in human hair.

<< MPST gene expression (which leads to hydrogen sulphide production) was higher in postmortem brains from people with schizophrenia than in those from unaffected people. MPST protein levels in these brains also correlated well with the severity of premortem symptoms.  >>

AA << examined hair follicles from more than 150 people with schizophrenia and found that expression of MPST mRNA was much higher than people without schizophrenia. Even though the results were not perfect-indicating that sulfide stress does not account for all cases of schizophrenia-MPST levels in hair could be a good biomarker for schizophrenia before other symptoms appear. >>

<< Nobody has ever thought about a causal link between hydrogen sulfide and schizophrenia, (..) Once we discovered this, we had to figure out how it happens and if these findings in mice would hold true for people with schizophrenia. >> Takeo Toshikawa.

Biomarker for schizophrenia can be detected in human hair. Riken. Oct 28, 2019.

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-10-biomarker-schizophrenia-human-hair.html

Masayuki Ide, Tetsuo Ohnishi, et al. 

Excess hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides production underlies a schizophrenia pathophysiology. EMBO Mol Med (2019) e10695. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201910695. Oct 28, 2019.

https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/emmm.201910695   

# astro: (they) accidentally snap a picture of the beast - lurking in dust - for the first time

<< Astronomers accidentally discovered the footprints of a monster galaxy in the early universe that has never been seen before. Like a cosmic Yeti, the scientific community generally regarded these galaxies as folklore, given the lack of evidence of their existence, but astronomers in the United States and Australia managed to snap a picture of the beast for the first time. >>

<< An open question is exactly how many of them there are. >>

Cosmic Yeti from the dawn of the universe found lurking in dust. University of Arizona. Oct 22, 2019.

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-cosmic-yeti-dawn-universe-lurking.html

Christina C. Williams, Ivo Labbe, et al. 

Discovery of a Dark, Massive, ALMA-only Galaxy at z ~ 5–6 in a Tiny 3 mm Survey. The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 884, Number 2. Oct 22, 2019.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab44aa   

# gst: the transition from quiescent spherical cap states to self-piloted motile states of volatile droplets

<< When a volatile solvent droplet is deposited on a freely floating swellable sheet, it can spontaneously become lobed, asymmetric, and either spin, slide or move via a combination of the two. This process of symmetry-breaking is a consequence of the solvent droplet swelling the membrane and its inhomogeneous evaporation from the membrane, coupled with the hydrodynamics within the droplet. By tuning the membrane thickness and the droplet size, (AA) find a critical threshold that determines the transition from a quiescent spherical cap state to a self-piloted motile state. Simple scaling laws determine the angular and linear velocities of the droplets, and a 1D analog experiment confirms the relative roles of evaporation, swelling and viscoelastic dissipation.  >>

Aditi Chakrabarti, Gary P. T. Choi, L. Mahadevan. Spontaneous spin-sliding of volatile drops on swelling sheets. 

arXiv:1910.07064v1 [cond-mat.soft]. Oct 15, 2019

https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07064   

Also

keyword 'droplet' in FonT  

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=droplet

# brain: the 'loosely balanced state' of cerebral cortex

<< Many studies have shown that the excitation and inhibition received by cortical neurons remain roughly balanced across many conditions. A key question for understanding the dynamical regime of cortex is the nature of this balancing. (..) loose balance, but not tight balance, can yield many nonlinear population behaviors seen in sensory cortical neurons, allow the presence of correlated variability, and yield decrease of that variability with increasing external stimulus drive as observed across multiple cortical areas. >>  

<< at least sensory, and perhaps all of, cortex operates in a regime in which the inhibition and excitation neurons receive are loosely balanced. This along with the supralinear input/output function of individual neurons and simple assumptions on connectivity explains a large set of cortical response properties. A key outstanding question is the computational function or functions of this loosely balanced state and the response properties it creates >>

Yashar Ahmadian, Kenneth D. Miller.  What is the dynamical regime of cerebral cortex?  arXiv:1908.10101v2 [q-bio.NC] Aug 28, 2019.   

https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10101  

# gst: fingerprints of reality (2): the stormquake

AA << find that during large storms such as hurricanes and Nor'easters the interaction of long‐period ocean waves with shallow seafloor features located near the edge of continental shelves, known as ocean banks, excites coherent transcontinental Rayleigh wave packets in the 20 to 50 s period band. These "stormquakes" migrate coincident with the storms, but are effectively spatiotemporally focused seismic point sources with equivalent earthquake magnitudes that can be greater than 3.5. >>

Wenyuan Fan, Jeffrey J. McGuire, et al. Stormquakes. Geophysical Research Letters. Oct 14, 2019.    https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL084217  

Strong storms generating earthquake-like seismic activity. Florida State University. Oct 15, 2019.    https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-strong-storms-earthquake-like-seismic.html 

Also  

fingerprints of reality: water drops that vibrate, flames that oscillate, and viscous fluids that form rivulets ...

FonT.  Dec 9, 2018.    https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2018/12/gst-fingerprints-of-reality-water-drops.html   

# gst: counterintuitively, even complex processes can be hidden inside flat power spectra

<< Power spectral densities are a common, convenient, and powerful way to analyze signals. So much so that they are now broadly deployed across the sciences and engineering - from quantum physics to cosmology, and from crystallography to neuroscience to speech recognition. The features they reveal not only identify prominent signal-frequencies but also hint at mechanisms that generate correlation and lead to resonance. Despite their near-centuries-long run of successes in signal analysis, here (AA) show that flat power spectra can be generated by highly complex processes, effectively hiding all inherent structure in complex signals.  >>

P. M. Riechers, J. P. Crutchfield.  Fraudulent White Noise: Flat power spectra belie arbitrarily complex processes.   arXiv:1908.11405v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech] Aug 29, 2019.   https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.11405

# ai: the future where machines will test hypotheses on their own

<< Brian Nord imagines a future where machines test hypotheses on their own  (..) Nord has begun applying AI to problems in astronomy, such as identifying unusual astronomical objects known as gravitational lenses. (..)  He spoke to Physics about his recent projects and how he thinks AI, also known as machine learning, will change the way researchers do science. >>

Sophia Chen. Paving A Path for AI in Physics Research.  Physics 12, 108. Oct 3, 2019.    https://physics.aps.org/articles/v12/108  

Also

oops! artificial intelligence will kill self-employment. Oct 4, 2019.   https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2019/10/ai-life-oops-artificial-intelligence.html

keyword "ai" in FonT:     https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

# gst: chaotic dynamics modulate complex systems, even in the presence of extrinsic and intrinsic noise

AA << find that chaotic dynamics modulates gene expression and up-regulates certain families of low-affinity genes, even in the presence of extrinsic and intrinsic noise. Furthermore, this leads to an increase in the production of protein complexes and the efficiency of their assembly. Finally, (AA) show how chaotic dynamics creates a heterogeneous population of cell states, and describe how this can be beneficial in multi-toxic environments. >>

Mathias L. Heltberg, Sandeep Krishna, Mogens H. Jensen. On chaotic dynamics in transcription factors and the associated effects in differential gene regulation.  Nature Comm. volume 10, Article number: 71 Jan 8, 2019.   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07932-1  

<< Chaos in bodily regulation can optimize our immune system according to a recent discovery made by researchers at the University of Copenhagen's Niels Bohr Institute. The discovery may prove to be of great significance for avoiding serious diseases such as cancer and diabetes.  >>

Chaos in the body tunes up your immune system. Niels Bohr Institute.
Jan 16, 2019.   https://m.medicalxpress.com/news/2019-01-chaos-body-tunes-immune.html

Also

'l'immaginifico "tracciante ... che svagola nella macina ...'    in:  2149 - onda di predazione (to knock seals off the ice). Notes. Dec 17, 2007.    https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2007/12/2149-onda-di-predazione-to-knock-seals.html

Also

never boring with chaos and tit-for-tat theories. F.on.T. Jun 12, 2016.  https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2016/06/s-gst-never-boring-with-chaos-and-tit.html

# gst: exploring the lifespan of a liquid droplet

<< Current theories state that the droplet's diameter-squared decreases in proportion to time (classical law); however, this period only accounts for a small portion of the drop's evolution. As the diameter approaches the unobservable micro- and nano-scale, molecular dynamics have to be used as virtual experiments and these show a crossover to a new behaviour, with the diameter now reducing in proportion to time (nano-scale law). >>

<< It is fascinating that intuition based on everyday observations are a hindrance when attempting to understand nanoscale flows, so that, as in this research, one has to lean on theory to enlighten us. >>  James Sprittles.

The lifespan of an evaporating liquid drop. University of Warwick. Oct 10, 2019.     https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-lifespan-evaporating-liquid.html

Rana A.S., Lockerby D.A., Sprittles J.E.  Lifetime of a Nanodroplet: Kinetic Effects and Regime Transitions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 154501 Oct 9, 2019.     https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.154501   

# gst: retooling viruses

<< New research reveals that the way viruses were perceived in terms of their architecture will need to be retooled, because they are actually structured in many more patterns than previously understood. The findings could have significant impact on how they are classified, our understanding of how they form, evolve and infect hosts, and strategies to identify ways to design vaccines to target them. >>

Why viruses like Herpes and Zika will need to be reclassified, and its biotech impact. San Diego State University. Sep 27, 2019.    https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-09/sdsu-wvl092519.php  

<<  improved imaging techniques have revealed increasing numbers of viral outliers >>

<< The polyhedral layouts describing the quasiequivalent capsid structures in CK-theory (Caspar, D. L. & Klug, A. theory) also occur in other areas of science, (..) The conceptual framework for the classification of icosahedral and octahedral polyhedral layouts presented here is therefore of interest for a wide range of scientific disciplines beyond virology. >>

Reidun Twarock, Antoni Luque.  Structural puzzles in virology solved with an overarching icosahedral design principle. Nature Comm. volume 10, Article number: 4414 Sep 27, 2019.   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12367-3  

# gst: a cylindrical solitonlike that collapses into a spherical shape, and, along the filaments, central cores of matter exhibit fuzzies

In AA simulation, << the dark matter filaments show coherent interference patterns on the boson de Broglie scale and develop cylindrical solitonlike cores, which are unstable under gravity and collapse into kiloparsec-scale spherical solitons. Features of the dark matter distribution are largely unaffected by the baryonic feedback. On the contrary, the distributions of gas and stars, which do form along the entire filament, exhibit central cores imprinted by dark matter-a smoking gun signature of FDM ("fuzzy" dark matter). >>

Philip Mocz, Anastasia Fialkov, et al. First Star-Forming Structures in Fuzzy Cosmic Filaments. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 141301. Oct 2, 2019.     https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.141301  

Jennifer Chu. This is how a 'fuzzy' universe may have looked. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Oct 3, 2019       https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-fuzzy-dark-disrupts-conventional.html   

FonT

intrigante qui come una simulazione di evoluzione cosmologica - filamenti strutturati a cilindro mutanti (collassanti) in strutture sferoidali (ma non a generica fluttuante frittella) formanti, nei filamenti di gas,  serie (sciami?) di kernel a dinamiche fuzzy - possa far immaginare generici contesti altri ...

# evol: echolocation, a prime example of convergent evolution

<< Echolocation is a prime example of convergent evolution, the independent gain of similar features in species of different lineages. >>

<< Distantly related species entering similar biological niches often adapt by evolving similar morphological and physiological characters. How much genomic molecular convergence (particularly of highly constrained coding sequence) contributes to convergent phenotypic evolution, such as echolocation in bats and whales, is a long-standing fundamental question.  >>

AA << find that the gene set most overrepresented (q-value = 2.2e-3) with convergent substitutions in echolocators, affecting 18 genes, regulates development of the cochlear ganglion, a structure with empirically supported relevance to echolocation. >>

Amir Marcovitz, Yatish Turakhia, et al. A functional enrichment test for molecular convergent evolution finds a clear protein-coding signal in echolocating bats and whales.
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1818532116   Sep 30, 2019    https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/09/27/1818532116 

Krista Conger. Scientists uncover genetic similarities among species that use sound to navigate. Stanford University Medical Center. Oct 4, 2019.   https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-scientists-uncover-genetic-similarities-species.html

# ai life: oops! artificial intelligence will kill self-employment

<< People who are self-employed in some of the lowest paid and most popular jobs are at the greatest risk of being displaced by artificial intelligence (AI), according to new research from the School of Management. Recently published by the Center for Research on Self-Employment, the study found that with both self-employment and AI investment on the rise, independent sales people, drivers, and agriculture and construction workers are in the greatest danger of having their jobs computerized because the work is routine and low in technical expertise. >>

Kevin Manne. How artificial intelligence will impact self-employment. University at Buffalo.  Oct 1, 2019.  

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-artificial-intelligence-impact-self-employment.html  

http://www.buffalo.edu/ubnow/stories/2019/10/ai-self-employment.html    

FonT

tutto cio' in prima approx; in seconda e terza approx anche tutte le altre professioni saranno 'coperte' da intelligenza artificiale, anche quelle ad elevata professionalita', e' solo questione di tempo. Paradossalmente non poche professioni che necessitano  elevato livello cognitivo (e accademico) potrebbero essere 'duplicate' da autonome AI anche prima di altre considerate di livello inferiore ...

# gst: a kick-like behaviour may emerge from a crossed over superexponential self-interacting oscillator dynamics

<< Opposite to standard oscillators such as the (an-)harmonic oscillator the SSO (superexponential self-interacting oscillator) combines both scattering and confined periodic motion with an exponentially varying nonlinearity. The SSO potential exhibits a transition point with a hierarchy of singularities of logarithmic and power law character leaving their fingerprints in the agglomeration of its phase space curves. The period of the SSO consequently undergoes a crossover from decreasing linear to a nonlinearly increasing behaviour when passing the transition energy. (AA) explore its dynamics and show that the crossover involves a kick-like behaviour. >>

Peter Schmelcher. Superexponential Self-Interacting Oscillator.  arXiv: 1909.09792v1 [physics.class-ph] Sep 21, 2019.   https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.09792 

# gst: approaching the automorphism groupoid of a groupoid

AA << construct two groupoids from morphisms of groupoids, with one from a categorical viewpoint and the other from a geometric viewpoint. (AA) show that for each pair of groupoids, the two kinds of groupoids of morphisms are equivalent. Then (AA) study the automorphism groupoid of a groupoid. >>

Bohui Chen, Cheng-YongDu, et al. The groupoid structure of groupoid morphisms. J of Geometry and Physics Vol 145 doi: 10.1016/j.geomphys.2019.103486  Aug 12,  2019.     https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0393044019301676

Also

"groupoid" in: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupoid  

# game: mutual cooperation without non-cooperative actions

AA << have developed a model that consists of all possible strategies using a one-period memory of past actions. This model enables us to analyze a "melting pot" of strategies, wherein several strategies interact and compete with each other. (AA) results revealed that one strategy, in which one escapes if a partner defects or cooperates if a partner becomes a loner, dominates and maintains cooperation in an alternating prisoner's dilemma game. >>

H. Yamamoto, I. Okada, et al.
Effect of voluntary participation on an alternating and a simultaneous prisoner's dilemma.  Phys. Rev. E 100, 032304 Sep 11,  2019.    https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.032304   

The Prisoner's Dilemma: Exploring a strategy that leads to mutual cooperation without non-cooperative actions. Rissho University. Sep 23, 2019.   https://m.phys.org/news/2019-09-prisoner-dilemma-exploring-strategy-mutual.html   

Also

keyword "game" in "FonT"   https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=game