# gst: apropos of collisions of a vortex dipoles, vortex unbinding, vortex pinning to the edge, and emission of rarefaction pulses.

<< Vortices and dark solitons are fundamental defects that appear in nonlinear physics at all scales, from nonlinear optics to cosmic fluids. In two or three dimensions, dark solitons are fundamentally connected to highly ordered vortex states through an intrinsic modulation instability in the surrounding matter. >>️

<< Here, [AA] report an experimental realization of ring dark soliton (RDS)  generation in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid trapped in a circular box. By quenching the confining box potential, [they] observe an RDS emitted from the edge and its peculiar signature in the radial motion. As an RDS evolves, [they] observe transverse modulations at discrete azimuthal angles, which clearly result in a patterned formation of a circular vortex dipole array. Through collisions of the vortex dipoles with the box trap, [they] observe vortex unbinding, vortex pinning to the edge, and emission of rarefaction pulses. >>

Hikaru Tamura, Cheng-An Chen, Chen-Lung Hung. Observation of Self-Patterned Defect Formation in Atomic Superfluids–from Ring Dark Solitons to Vortex Dipole Necklaces. Phys. Rev. X 13, 031029. Sep 14, 2023. 

https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.13.031029

Also: soliton, vortex, turbulence, waves, in: https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html  

Keywords: gst, soliton, dark soliton, vortex, turbulence, waves.