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Visualizzazione dei post in ordine di data per la query drosophila. Ordina per pertinenza Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione dei post in ordine di data per la query drosophila. Ordina per pertinenza Mostra tutti i post

sabato 15 aprile 2023

# gst: the physiological emergence and evolution of cell-spanning vortices (inside Drosophila oocytes).


<< Life in complex systems, such as cities and organisms, comes to a standstill when global coordination of mass, energy, and information flows is disrupted. Global coordination is no less important in single cells, especially in large oocytes and newly formed embryos, which commonly use fast fluid flows for dynamic reorganization of their cytoplasm. Here, (AA) combine theory, computing, and imaging to investigate such flows in the Drosophila oocyte, where streaming has been proposed to spontaneously arise from hydrodynamic interactions among cortically anchored microtubules loaded with cargo-carrying molecular motors. >>️

Sayantan Dutta, Reza Farhadifar, et al. Self-organized intracellular twisters. arXiv: 2304.02112v2 [physics.bio-ph].  Apr 6, 2023. 

Also

keyword 'vortex' in FonT

keyword 'vortice' in Notes
(quasi-stochastic poetry)

Keywords: gst, fluid dynamics, vortex, vortices, vortexes, vorticity,


lunedì 10 maggio 2021

# brain: learning on the fly (in D. melanogaster and mammals)

AA << have developed a new computational model that demonstrates a long sought after link between insect and mammalian learning (..)   Incorporating anatomical and functional data from recent experiments, Dr James Bennett and colleagues modelled how the anatomy and physiology of the fruit fly's brain can support learning according to the reward prediction error (RPE) hypothesis. >>️

<< The computational model indicates how dopamine neurons in an area of a fruit fly's brain, known as the mushroom body, can produce similar signals to dopamine neurons in mammals, and how these dopamine signals can reliably instruct learning. >>️

Learning on the fly. University of Sussex. May 7, 2021. 


Bennett, J.E.M., Philippides, A.,  Nowotny, T. Learning with reinforcement prediction errors in a model of the Drosophila mushroom body. Nat Commun 12, 2569. doi: 10.1038/ s41467-021-22592-4. May 7,  2021. 


Also

(+) keyword 'melanogaster' in FonT


(+) Voli a casaccio. Notes. Oct 01, 2006. (quasi-stochastic poetry)





sabato 25 luglio 2020

# gst: a simple signal to drive complex dynamics

<< a developmental signaling pattern can be erased and replaced with a synthetic, patterned stimulus. (..) unlike pharmacological or genetic perturbations, light can be applied and removed quickly, focused with high spatial precision, or shaped into arbitrary spatial patterns. (AA) found that a simple all-or-none blue light stimulus, delivered to the embryonic termini, is sufficient to convert a lethal loss-of-function phenotype to rescue the full Drosophila life cycle: embryogenesis; larval development; pupation; adulthood; and fecundity. >>

<<  Such optical control over development could be used to probe cell and tissue-level regulation, engineer tissue organization, and correct developmental defects. >>

Heath E. Johnson, Nareg J.V. Djabrayan, et al. Optogenetic Rescue of a Patterning Mutant. Current Biology. 30, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/ j.cub.2020.06.059. Jul 23, 2020. 


Complex developmental patterns are under the control of surprisingly simple signals. Princeton University. Jul 23, 2020.


Also

keyword 'signal' in FonT


keyword 'signal' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)





martedì 7 luglio 2020

# gst: 'transcriptional burst frequency' modulation (more or less noise) during gene regulation

<< In cells, genes are expressed through transcription, a process where genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA is then translated to make protein molecules, the workhorses of cells. This entire process is subject to bursts of natural stochasticity—or randomness—which can impact the outcome of biological processes that proteins carry out. >>

<< This work for the first time identifies the role of randomness in altering the outcome of a developmental process.>> Madhav Mani. 

<< By analyzing experimental perturbations of Drosophila's senseless gene against mathematical models, the team determined the sources of the gene's stochasticity, and found that the randomness appears to be leveraged in order to accurately determine sensory neuron fates. >>

<< Let's say you are quickly flipping a light switch on and off, but you want more brightness out of your bulb. You could either get a brighter bulb that produced more photons per unit time, or you could leave the switch 'on' more than 'off,' (..) What we found is that organisms control the amount of gene expression by regulating how often the gene is permitted to switch on, rather than making more mRNAs when it is on. >> Madhav Mani. 

<< From these studies, we are learning rules for how genes can be made more or less noisy, (..) Sometimes cells want to harness the genetic noise—the level of variation in gene expression—to make randomized decisions. Other times cells want to suppress the noise because it makes cells too variable for the good of the organism. Intrinsic features of a gene can imbue them with more or less noise. >> Richard Carthew. 

Alex Gerage. Toward principles of gene regulation in multicellular systems. Northwestern University. Jul 1, 2020.


Rachael Bakker, Madhav Mani, Richard W Carthew. The Wg and Dpp morphogens regulate gene expression by modulating the frequency of transcriptional bursts. eLife. doi: 10.7554/eLife.56076. Jun 22, 2020. 



venerdì 15 maggio 2020

# behav: the smart sleep of flies (Drosophila melanogaster)

<< Flies that cannot take to the air respond by sleeping more as they learn to adapt to their flightlessness, (..) The findings, (..) suggest that sleep may be an evolutionary tool that helps animals adapt to challenging new situations. >>

<< Fruit flies' sleep looks a lot like people's. Baby flies need a lot of sleep, but as they get older, their need for sleep diminishes. Flies become more alert with caffeine and drowsier with antihistamines. And if you keep a fly awake one day, it will sleep more the next. >>

Flies sleep when need arises to adapt to new situations. Washington University School of Medicine. May 8, 2020.


K. Melnattur, B. Zhang, P. J. Shaw. Disrupting flight increases sleep and identifies a novel sleep-promoting pathway in Drosophila. Sci Adv 
Vol. 6, no. 19, eaaz2166. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz2166. May 8, 2020.


Also

keyword 'Drosophila' in FonT


keyword 'mosca' in Notes (quasi- stochastic poetry)


giovedì 21 novembre 2019

# brain: the flexible mental maps of flies

<< In the Drosophila brain, 'compass'  neurons track the orientation of the body and head (the fly’s heading) during navigation >>

<<  a visual cue can evoke synaptic inhibition in compass neurons and that R (ring) neurons mediate this inhibition. Each compass neuron is inhibited only by specific visual cue positions, indicating that many potential connections from R neurons onto compass neurons are actually weak or silent. (..) the pattern of visually evoked inhibition can reorganize over minutes as the fly explores an altered virtual-reality environment. >>

Yvette E. Fisher, Jenny Lu, et al. Sensorimotor experience remaps visual input to a heading-direction network.  Nature. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1772-4. Nov 20, 2019. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1772-4

To navigate, flies make flexible mental maps of the world. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Nov 20, 2019.

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-11-flies-flexible-mental-world.html

Also

<<  Considerando invece l' immagine classica della "mosca nella bottiglia", >>  in: 2066 - voli a casaccio. Notes. Oct 01, 2006. 

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2006/10/2066-voli-casaccio.html


lunedì 22 luglio 2019

# gene: parental 'memory' could be inherited across generations

AA << tested the possibility that environmentally triggered modifications could allow 'memory' of parental experiences to be inherited. In Drosophila melanogaster, exposure to predatory wasps leads to inheritance of a predisposition for ethanol-rich food for five generations.  Inhibition of Neuropeptide-F (NPF) activates germline caspases required for transgenerational ethanol preference. Further, inheritance of low NPF expression in specific regions of F1 brains is required for the transmission of this food preference >>

<< Given the conserved signaling functions of NPF and its mammalian NPY homolog in drug and alcohol disorders, these observations raise the intriguing possibility of NPY-related transgenerational effects in humans. >>

Julianna Bozler, Balint Z Kacsoh, Giovanni Bosco. Transgenerational inheritance of ethanol preference is caused by maternal NPF repression.
eLife doi: 10.7554/eLife.45391.001. Jul 9, 2019.

https://elifesciences.org/articles/45391

Study finds that parental 'memory' is inherited across generations. The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth. Jul 9, 2019.

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-07-parental-memory-inherited.html   

Also

"Neuropeptide-F"

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=Neuropeptide-F

http://flybase.org/reports/FBgn0027109.html 

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/42018.html

domenica 15 maggio 2016

# s-gene: extensive, quantitative perturbation approach to trace "the poetry" of gene regulatory networks

<<  DNA  content  of  our  genomes  resembles  a  complex  biological  languagecomposed  of  coding  regions and  regulatory  regionsAlthough  protein-coding  regions  in  DNA  could  be  compared  to  a  traffic  signal  –  utilizing  a  simple  stop  or  go  message  –  the regulatory  regions  in  DNA  are  more  like  poetry. “The  regulatory  sites  in  DNA  operate  like  a  light  switch  to  turn  a  gene  on  and  off.  In  animalsit’s  extremely  complex,”  said  David  Arnosti (..) “There  might  be  hundreds  of  protein  factors  in  the  cell  that  bind  to  the gene  and  impact  activity.  And  there  might  be  hundreds  of  binding  places.” He  compares  the  “language”  used  in  these  regulatory  sites  to  poetry. “It  may  be  Emily  Dickinson,  or  Shakespeare  or  Allen  Ginsberg;  but  all  are  using  ‘words’  to  evoke  thoughts  and  emotionsto  control  the  message” >>

Val  Osowski, Layne  Cameron. DO GENES EXPRESS THEMSELVES THROUGH POETRY? A  new study  from  Michigan  State  University  makes  inroads  in  learning  to  “read”  the  genome,  a  key  goal  of  modern  biology. Published:  May  9,  2016

http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2016/do-genes-express-themselves-through-poetry/

To  understand  transcription  factor  interactions  on  enhancers  << (..) an  extensive,  quantitative  perturbation  analysis targeting  the  dorsal-ventral  patterning  gene  regulatory  network  (GRNcontrolled  by  Drosophila NF-κB  homolog  Dorsal [was used to test] the effects  of  cooperativityrepression,  and factor  potency >>

Rupinder  Sayal,  Jacqueline  M  Dresch, et al. Quantitative  perturbation-based  analysis  of  gene expression  predicts  enhancer  activity  in  early Drosophila  embryo. eLife  2016;5:e08445. Published  May  6,  2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08445