# lang: information management (encoding reliability) in bird communications (among wild redbreasted nuthatches, Sitta canadensis)

<< Every social network has its fake news. And in animal communication networks, even birds discern the trustworthiness of their neighbors, >>

<< This is the first time people have shown that nuthatches are paying attention to the source of information, and that influences the signal they produce and send along, (..) Everybody is listening to everybody else in the woods, >> Erick Greene.

Courtney Brockman. Researchers study how birds retweet news. University of Montana. Feb 14, 2020. 

https://m.phys.org/news/2020-02-birds-retweet-news.html

<< nuthatches discriminate between direct and indirect, or public information, and this is reflected in the acoustic structure of their alarm calls. >>

Nora V Carlson, Erick Greene,  Christopher N Templeton. Nuthatches vary their alarm calls based upon the source of the eavesdropped signals. 

Nat Commun 11, 526. Jan 27, 2020.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14414-w

Also

the question is: Humans vs Woodstock, who is the smarter? Jun 26, 2016.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2016/06/s-brain-question-is-humans-vs-parrots.html

keyword 'bird' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bird

# gst: apropos of 'wobbly' entities

<< As Earth rotates along its axis, it wobbles a little bit. This wobbling comes, in part, from how mass is distributed across the planet. Nuclear physics researchers have now observed this same type of wobbling in Au187-a gold isotope that lives for just eight minutes.  >>

Gold's wobbly nucleus: What the short-lived Au187 isotope teaches us about fundamental science research. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Feb 12, 2020.

https://phys.org/news/2020-02-gold-nucleus-short-lived-au187-isotope.html

<< This is the first experimental evidence for longitudinal wobbling bands where the expected signature partner band has also been identified, and establishes this exotic collective mode as a general phenomenon over the nuclear chart. >>

N. Sensharma, U. Garg, et al.  Longitudinal Wobbling Motion in 

187Au. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 052501 Feb 5, 2020

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.052501

# behav: how (and when) multiple bird species fly and feed together, like a K-pop band

<< Birds of a feather don't always flock together: Peer into a forest canopy, and you will likely spot multiple bird species flying and feeding together, a phenomenon most spectacular in the Amazon where 50 species may travel as a unit. But are birds in these mixed flocks cooperating with one another or competing?  A new study suggests both. >>

<< Species kept competition within the flock low, however, by differentiating their foraging technique, their choice of hunting spot or the general distance they kept from a tree trunk. >>

Natalie Van Hoose. How bird flocks with multiple species behave like K-pop groups. Florida Museum of Natural History.  Feb 12, 2020

https://m.phys.org/news/2020-02-bird-flocks-multiple-species-k-pop.html

Harrison H Jones, Mitchell J Walters, Scott K Robinson. Do similar foragers flock together? Nonbreeding foraging behavior and its impact on mixed-species flocking associations in a subtropical region.  The Auk, ukz079.  doi: 10.1093/auk/ukz079. Feb 12, 2020.

https://academic.oup.com/auk/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/auk/ukz079/5731484

k-pop band  

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-pop

# life: Potus race, a convergence between manual and electronic voting: 'to explain precisely' ...

<< The mistakes do not appear intentional, but they raise questions about whether there will ever be a completely precise accounting. >>

<< Results from the Iowa Democratic caucuses were delayed by "quality control checks" on Monday night. Days later, quality control issues have not been resolved. >>

Nate Cohn, Josh Katz, et al.  Iowa Caucus Results Riddled With Errors and Inconsistencies.  NYT. Feb. 6, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/06/upshot/iowa-caucuses-errors-results.html

<< It's been handled incompetently from our perspective, and we'll be asking them to take a look at some of these obvious discrepancies that have affected our count and I think after it is all said and done, it should be the case that we have the same number of national delegates as Pete Buttigieg, >> Faiz Shakir. 

Jennifer Agiesta, Dan Merica, Ryan Nobles and Paul LeBlanc. Buttigieg gets the most delegates and Sanders comes in second, Iowa Democratic Party says. CNN. 0053 GMT (0853 HKT). Feb 10, 2020.

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/09/politics/iowa-democratic-party-precincts-review/index.html

Also ('to explain precisely')

2151 - a voting machine (to explain precisely). Notes. Jan 15, 2008.

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2008/01/2151-voting-machine-to-explain.html

Also

keyword  'explain precisely' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=explain+precisely

# gst: sand dunes 'communication' via turbulent swirls

<< Even though they are inanimate objects, sand dunes can 'communicate' with each other. A team (..) has found that as they move, sand dunes interact with and repel their downstream neighbours. Using an experimental dune 'racetrack', (they) observed that two identical dunes start out close together, but over time they get further and further apart. This interaction is controlled by turbulent swirls from the upstream dune, which push the downstream dune away.  >>

Sand dunes can 'communicate' with each other. University of Cambridge. 

 Feb 4, 2020.

https://m.phys.org/news/2020-02-sand-dunes.html

Karol A. Bacik, Sean Lovett, et al. Wake Induced Long Range Repulsion of Aqueous Dunes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 054501. Feb 4, 2020.

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.054501

Also

keyword 'sand' in Notes

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=sand

# chem: more on the weirdness of water, "T" and "non-T" Tetrahedral arrangements

<< the unusual properties of liquid water, if compared with other liquids, has puzzled us for centuries because the basic structure of liquid water has remained unclear and has continued to be a matter of serious debate. >>

AA << show that there are two overlapped peaks hidden in the apparent “first diffraction peak” of the structure factor. One of them (ordinary peak) corresponds to the neighboring O–O [Oxygen-Oxygen bond] distance as in ordinary liquids, and the other (anomalous peak) corresponds to a longer distance. >>

the << anomalous peak arises from the most extended period of density wave associated with a tetrahedral water structure and is to be identified as the so-called first sharp diffraction peak >>

<< In contrast, the ordinary peak arises from the density wave characteristic of local structures lacking tetrahedral symmetry. This finding unambiguously proves the coexistence of two types of local structures in liquid water. >>

Rui Shi, Hajime Tanaka. Direct Evidence in the Scattering Function for the Coexistence of Two Types of Local Structures in Liquid Water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. doi: 10.1021/ jacs.9b11211. Jan 21, 2020. 

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.9b11211#

Water, water everywhere—and it's weirder than you think. University of Tokyo. Feb 4, 2020.

https://m.phys.org/news/2020-02-everywhereand-weirder.html

# gst: tiny deviations (inside a phase transition) to avoid a near-complete annihilation.

<< Recently discovered ripples of spacetime called gravitational waves could contain evidence to prove the theory that life survived the Big Bang because of a phase transition that allowed neutrino particles to reshuffle matter and anti-matter, >>

<< According to the Big Bang theory of modern cosmology, matter was created with an equal amount of anti-matter. If it had stayed that way, matter and anti-matter should have eventually met and annihilated one to one, leading up to a complete annihilation.

But our existence contradicts this theory. To overcome a complete annihilation, the Universe must have turned a small amount of anti-matter into matter creating an imbalance between them. >>  

<< the Universe went through a phase transition so that neutrinos could reshuffle matter and anti-matter. >>

Showing how the tiniest particles in our Universe saved us from complete annihilation. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. Feb 3, 2020.

https://m.phys.org/news/2020-02-tiniest-particles-universe-annihilation.html

Jeff A. Dror, Takashi Hiramatsu, et al.  Testing the Seesaw Mechanism and Leptogenesis with Gravitational Waves.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 041804. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.041804. Jan 28, 2020. 

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.041804