# gst: emergence of minimal chimera in uncoupled oscillators under common frequency-modulated driving.

<< (AA) report the experimental realization of minimal chimera states in a system of three uncoupled oscillators driven solely by frequency-modulated forcing. Unlike conventional scenarios where chimera states emerge due to interactions among oscillators, here the coexistence of coherent and incoherent dynamics arises entirely from a common external modulation of a system parameter. By tuning the modulation amplitude and frequency, the system exhibits transitions between global synchronization, global incoherence, and minimal chimera states. >>

<< The stability of these regimes is quantified using the maximal Lyapunov exponent, while a synchronization order parameter is employed to characterize the degree of coherence. A systematic exploration of the parameter space reveals well-defined regions associated with distinct dynamical behaviors. To provide analytical understanding, (AA) employ a phase-reduction approach and derive the corresponding phase dynamics, which elucidate the mechanisms underlying phase locking and desynchronization. The robustness of the proposed mechanism is further demonstrated in a time-delayed chaotic system. >>

<< Finally, experimental results obtained from an electronic circuit realization confirm the emergence of minimal chimera states under frequency-modulated driving. These findings establish external modulation as a viable route to chimera formation without coupling, offering a new perspective on collective dynamics in driven nonlinear systems. >>

Debabrata Biswas, Tanmoy Banerjee. Emergence of minimal chimera in uncoupled oscillators under common frequency-modulated driving: theory and experiment. arXiv: 2607.25449v1 [nlin.CD]. Jul 28, 2026.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.25449

Also: chimera, transition, chaos, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, chimera, transition, chaos, three uncoupled oscillators, coherent- incoherent dynamics, frequency-modulated forcing, global synchronization, global incoherence, minimal chimera states.