# gst: apropos of 'transitions', slow dynamics of complex connected networks can control the rate of demixing

<< A space- spanning network structure is a basic morphology in phase separation of soft and biomatter, alongside a droplet one. Despite its fundamental and industrial importance, the physical principle underlying such network- forming phase separation remains elusive. >>

AA << find that phase- separation dynamics is controlled by mechanical relaxation of the network- forming dense phase, whose limiting process is permeation flow of the solvent for colloidal suspensions and heat transport for pure fluids. This universal coarsening law would contribute to the fundamental physical understanding of network-forming phase separation. >>

Michio Tateno, Hajime Tanaka. Power-law coarsening in network-forming phase separation governed by mechanical relaxation. Nat Commun 12, 912. doi: 10.1038/  s41467-020-20734-8. Feb 10,  2021.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20734-8

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Discovery of a new law of phase separation. University of Tokyo. Feb 10, 2021. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-02-discovery-law-phase.html

Also

keyword 'transition' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=transition

keyword 'transition' | 'transizion*' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transition

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizione

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizioni

# gst: a slow motion can triggers strong, fast-slip (many miles away)

<< At a glacier near the South Pole, earth scientists have found evidence of a quiet, slow-motion fault slip that triggers strong, fast-slip earthquakes many miles away,  >>

<< During an earthquake, a fast slip happens when energy builds up underground and is released quickly along a fault. Blocks of earth rapidly slide against one another. However, at an Antarctic glacier called Whillans Ice Plain, (they) show that "slow slips" precede dozens of large magnitude 7 earthquakes. >>

<< We found that there is almost always a precursory 'slow slip' before an earthquake, >> Grace Barcheck.

<< these slow-slip precursors- occurring as far as 20 miles away from the epicenter- are directly involved in starting the earthquake. >>

<< These slow slips are remarkably common, (..) and they migrate toward where the fast earthquake slip starts. >>

<< Within a period of two months in 2014, the group captured 75 earthquakes at the bottom of the Antarctic glacier. Data from GPS stations indicated that 73- or 96% - of the 75 earthquakes showed a period of precursory slow motion. >>

Blaine Friedlander. Slow motion precursors give earthquakes the fast slip. Cornell University. Feb 16, 2021.

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https://phys.org/news/2021-02-motion-precursors-earthquakes-fast.html

G. Barcheck, E. Brodsky, et al. Migratory earthquake precursors are dominant on an ice stream fault. Science Advances. Vol. 7, no. 6, eabd0105. doi: 10.1126/ sciadv.abd0105. Feb 5, 2021.

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/6/eabd0105  

# life: to eat each other's wings within mating pairs (among wood-feeding cockroaches Salganea taiwanensis)

 << The behavior of eating their mates or a part of their mate's body has been studied in sexual cannibalism or nuptial feeding. In these behaviors, only one sex eats the other unilaterally. Within mating pairs of a wood‐feeding cockroach (Salganea taiwanensis), males and females eat the mate's wings each other, which is the first “mutual” case in these behaviors. Because the evolution of sexual cannibalism and nuptial feeding has been explained based on unilaterality, this mutual eating should have a new significance of reproduction. >> 

Haruka Osaki, Eiiti Kasuya. Mutual wing-eating between female and male within mating pairs in wood‐feeding cockroach. doi: 10.1111/eth.13133. Jan 25, 2021.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eth.13133

Bob Yirka. Wood-eating cockroach couples take turns eating each other's wings after mating. Feb 15, 2021.

https://phys.org/news/2021-02-wood-eating-cockroach-couples-wings.html  

Also

the beetle Carabaeus lamarcki, dancer and sky analyzer. May 14, 2016.

http://flashontrack.blogspot.it/2016/05/s-behav-beetle-carabaeus-lamarcki.html

2022 - si risvegliano stercorari. Notes. June 17, 2006. (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2006/06/2022-si-risvegliano-stercorari.html

keyword 'cockroach' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=cockroach

# zoo; apropos of extreme dwarf entities, the nano-chameleon (Brookesia nana)

<< An international team, (..) has discovered a minuscule new species of chameleon.  (..) They have named the new species Brookesia nana. >>

 << At a body length of just 13.5 mm and a total length of just 22 mm including the tail, the male nano-chameleon is the smallest known male of all 'higher vertebrates' >> Frank Glaw.

<< Unfortunately, the habitat of the Nano-Chameleon is under heavy pressure from deforestation, but the area has recently been designated as a protected area, and hopefully that will enable this tiny new chameleon to survive, >> Oliver Hawlitschek.

Meet the nano-chameleon, a new contender for the title of world's smallest reptile. Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns. Feb 01, 2021. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-02-nano-chameleon-contender-title-world-smallest.html    

Glaw, F., Kohler, J., Hawlitschek, O. et al. Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons. Sci Rep 11, 2522. doi: 10.1038/ s41598-020-80955-1. Jan 28,  2021.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-80955-1 

# gst; apropos of hair that can be combed, some perturbation fields, along the event horizon of extreme black holes, seem to evolve in time indefinitely

 <<  black holes can be fully characterized by only three physical quantities: their mass, spin and charge. Since they have no additional "hairy" attributes to distinguish them, black holes are said to have "no hair"—Black holes of the same mass, spin, and charge are exactly identical to each other. >> 

AA << discovered that a special kind of black hole violates black hole uniqueness, the so-called "no hair" theorem. Specifically, the team studied extremal black holes—holes that are "saturated" with the maximum charge or spin they can possibly carry. They found that there is a quantity that can be constructed from the spacetime curvature at the black hole horizon that is conserved, and measurable by a distant observer. Since this quantity depends on how the black hole was formed, and not just on the three classical attributes, it violates black hole uniqueness. This quantity constitutes "gravitational hair" and potentially measurable by recent and upcoming gravitational wave observatories like LIGO and LISA. >>

<< even though external perturbations of extreme black holes decay as they do also for regular black holes, along the event horizon certain perturbation fields evolve in time indefinitely. >>

<< The uniqueness theorems assume time independence. But the Aretakis phenomenon explicitly violates time independence along the event horizon. This is the loophole through which the hair can pop out and be combed at a great distance by a gravitational wave observatory, >> Lior Burko.

Extreme black holes have hair that can be combed. Theiss Research. Jan 26, 2021.

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-extreme-black-holes-hair.html

Lior M. Burko, Gaurav Khanna, Subir Sabharwal. Scalar and gravitational hair for extreme Kerr black holes. Phys. Rev. D 103, L021502. Jan 26, 2021.

https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.L021502  

# gst: doubling phonons by subtraction of one of them (in an optical whispering-gallery microresonator)

 << What happens now when you add or subtract a single phonon? At first thought, you may expect this would simply change the average to n + 1 or n - 1, respectively, however the actual outcome defies this intuition. Indeed, quite counterintuitively, when you subtract a single phonon, the average number of phonons actually goes up to 2n.  This surprising result where the mean number of quanta doubles has been observed for all-optical photon-subtraction experiments and is observed for the first time outside of optics here. >>

<< One way to think of the experiment is to imagine a claw machine that you often see in video arcades, except that you can't see how many toys there are inside the machine. Before you agree to play, you've been told that on average there are n toys inside but the exact number changes randomly each time you play. Then, immediately after a successful grab with the claw, the average number of toys actually goes up to 2n, >> Michael Vanner. 

Adding or subtracting single quanta of sound.  Imperial College London. Jan 25, 2021. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-adding-quanta.html

G. Enzian, J. J. Price, et al. Single-Phonon Addition and Subtraction to a Mechanical Thermal State. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 033601. Jan 21, 2021.

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.033601

# gst: movers and shaker, the dynamics of granular matter

 << Granular materials are disordered systems often found in a far-from-equilibrium state. >> 

 << You can think of it like a beaker filled with loose sand, (..) At first there are big holes between the grains. So initially, it's easy for a grain to shift position by falling into an empty space. But as these spaces start to get smaller, it becomes less likely that a grain can fall through one. As the taps continue, it takes increasingly cooperative events to create the space necessary for more compaction. >> Stefan Boettcher. 

<< Previous research has shown a similar statistical pattern for the behavior of amorphous solids that don't form ordered crystals when moving from a liquid to a solid state, such as glass and many polymers. >> 

Carol Clark. Movers and shakers: New evidence for a unifying theory of granular materials. Emory University. Jan 08, 2021. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-movers-shakers-evidence-theory-granular.html   

Paula A. Gago, Stefan Boettcher. 

Universal features of annealing and aging in compaction of granular piles. 

PNAS. 117 (52) 33072-33076. doi: 10.1073/ pnas.2012757117. Dec 14, 2020. 

https://www.pnas.org/content/117/52/33072