# gst: apropos of collective behaviors, a visual model to reproduces swarming, schooling, and milling.

<< Animal collective behavior is often modeled with self-propelled particles, assuming each individual has “omniscient” knowledge of its neighbors. Yet, neighbors may be hidden from view and we do not know the effect of this information loss. To address this question, (AA) propose a visual model of collective behavior where each particle moves according to bioplausible visual cues, in particular the optic flow. This visual model successfully reproduces three classical collective behaviors: swarming (no orientational order), schooling (high orientational order), and milling (the group coordinately swirls in a circular pattern). >>️

Diego Castro, Franck Ruffier, Christophe Eloy. Modeling collective behaviors from optic flow and retinal cues. Phys. Rev. Research 6, 023016. Apr 4, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.023016

Also: swarm, flock, behav, particle, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, swarming, flocking, behavior, particle, self-propelled particles

# gst: self-buckling and self-writhing of semi-flexible Entities (among P. mirabilis)

<< Multi-flagellated microorganisms can buckle and writhe under their own activity as they swim through a viscous fluid. New equilibrium configurations and steady-state dynamics then emerge which depend on the organism's mechanical properties and on the oriented distribution of flagella along its surface. Modeling the cell body as a semi-flexible Kirchhoff rod and coupling the mechanics to a dynamically evolving flagellar orientation field, (AA) derive the Euler-Poincaré equations governing dynamics of the system, and rationalize experimental observations of buckling and writhing of elongated swarmer P. mirabilis cells. >>

<< A sequence of bifurcations is identified as the body is made more compliant, due to both buckling and torsional instabilities. The results suggest that swarmer cells invest no more resources in maintaining membrane integrity than is necessary to prevent self-buckling. >>

️

Wilson Lough, Douglas B. Weibel, et al. Self-buckling and self-writhing of semi-flexible microorganisms. arXiv: 2211.04381v1 [cond-mat.soft]. Nov 8, 2022. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04381

Also 

keyword 'swimming' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=swimming

Keywords: gst, motility, swarm, swarming, swarmer, swim, swimming, swimmer, buckling, writhing. 

# bots: tiny machinery, nanobots (molecule-sized bots) from 1k to millions swarming together to perform tasks

<< Multi-disciplinary research has led to the innovative fabrication of molecule-sized robots. Scientists are now advancing their efforts to make these robots interact and work together in the millions. >>

AA << have made molecular robots with three key components: microtubules, single-stranded DNA, and a light-sensing chemical compound. The microtubules act as the molecular robot's motor, converting chemical energy into mechanical work. The DNA strands act as the information processor due to its incredible ability to store data and perform multiple functions simultaneously. The chemical compound, azobenzene derivative, is able to sense light, acting as the molecular robot's on/off switch. (..) (They) have successfully controlled the shape of those swarms by tuning the length and rigidity of the microtubules. Relatively stiff robots swarm in uni-directional, linear bundles, while more flexible ones form rotating, ring-shaped swarms.>>

<< A continuing challenge, though, is making separate groups of robots swarm at the same time, but in different patterns. This is needed to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. >>

Scientists working to make molecule-sized robots swarm together to perform tasks. National Institute for Materials Science. Jun 18, 2020.

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-scientists-molecule-sized-robots-swarm-tasks.html   

Arif Md. Rashedul Kabir, Daisuke Inoue,  Akira Kakugo. Molecular swarm robots: recent progress and future challenges.  Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 21:1, 323-332. doi: 10.1080/ 14686996.2020.1761761. Jun 16, 2020. 

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14686996.2020.1761761 

Also

keyword 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

keyword 'self-assembly' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=self-assembly