# gst: soft and stiff modes in colloidal particle networks

<< Floppy microscale spring networks are widely studied in theory and simulations, but no well-controlled experimental system currently exists. >> 

AA << show that square lattices consisting of colloid-supported lipid bilayers functionalized with DNA linkers act as microscale floppy spring networks. (AA) extract their normal modes by inverting the particle displacement correlation matrix, showing the emergence of a spectrum of soft modes with low effective stiffness in addition to stiff modes that derive from linker interactions. >>

<< Evaluation of the softest mode, a uniform shear mode, reveals that shear stiffness decreases with lattice size. >>

 AA << results reveal the importance of entropic steric effects. >>

️

Julio Melio, Silke E. Henkes, Daniela J. Kraft. Soft and Stiff Normal Modes in Floppy Colloidal Square Lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 078202. Feb 14, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.078202

Also: particle, nano, colloids, network, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: gst, particle, nano, colloids, network, colloidal network

# gst: intertwining order, disorder, and hierarchy

<< Nature hosts a wealth of materials showcasing intricate structures intertwining order, disorder, and hierarchy, delivering resilient multifunctionality surpassing perfect crystals or simplistic disordered materials. The engineering of such materials through nanoparticle assembly represents a burgeoning field, poised with potential to yield sustainable material systems rivaling or exceeding biological functionalities. >>

AA << review delineates the fundamental concept of complexity in the context of nanoscale materials. >>

Xiaoming Mao, Nicholas Kotov. Complexity, Disorder, and Functionality of Nanoscale Materials. arXiv: 2401.09567v1 [cond-mat.soft]. Jan 17, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.09567

Also: nano, particle, order, disorder, in  https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: nano, particle, order, disorder 

# gst: local elastic properties of strongly disordered matter

<< The local elastic properties of strongly disordered material are investigated using the theory of correlated random matrices. A significant increase in stiffness is shown in the interfacial region, the thickness of which depends on the strength of disorder. It is shown that this effect plays a crucial role in nanocomposites, in which interfacial regions are formed around each nanoparticle. >>️

D. A. Conyuh, A. A. Semenov, Y. M. Beltukov. Effective elastic moduli of composites with a strongly disordered host material. Phys. Rev. E 108, 045004. Oct 20, 2023. 

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.108.045004

Also: elastic, noise, particle, nano, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: gst, elastic, noise, particle, nano

# chem: spontaneous reconfiguration of deformable nanoparticles (in response to environmental cues)

<< Deformable nanoparticles (NPs) offer unprecedented opportunities as dynamic building blocks that can spontaneously reconfigure during assembly in response to environmental cues. >>

<< deformable spherical NPs of radius 50 nm whose surface is tailored with octahedrally distributed charged patches and double-cap charged patches adapt their shape differently in response to changes in surface charge coverage and ionic strength. >>

AA << find shape transitions to rounded octahedra, faceted octahedra, faceted bowls, oblate spheroids, spherocylinders, dented beans, and dimpled rounded bowls. >>

AA << demonstrate that similar shape transitions can be achieved in deformable NPs of different sizes. >>️

Fanbo Sun, Nicholas E. Brunk, Vikram Jadhao. Shape control of deformable charge-patterned nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. E 107, 014502. Jan 10, 2023.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.107.014502

Img https://twitter.com/PhysRevE/status/1613183219377086468

Also

keyword 'self-assembly' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=self-assembly

keyword 'nano' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=nano

keyword 'nano' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=nano

Keywords: chem, nano, nanoparticles,  NPs, self-assembly, colloids, polymers, vesicle structures.

# gst: size, location and shape of interfacial nanobubbles can be tuned by nanostructures.

<< the nucleation mechanism of spontaneously generated NBs (nanobubbles) at solid-liquid interfaces of immersed nanostructured hydrophobic surfaces is studied. Depending on the size and density of the surface nanostructures, NBs with different size and density were reproducibly and deterministically obtained. >>️

moreover, << air entrapment experiments on a porous PS (coated polystyrene) surface covered with irregular nanopores show that also the shape of NBs can also be tuned by surface nanostructures, due to their pinning effect. It is thus feasible to tune NB size, position, and even morphology by varying surface nanostructures. >>️

Yuliang Wang, Xiaolai Li, et al. Entrapment of Interfacial Nanobubbles on Nano Structured Surfaces. arXiv:2208.08181v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Aug 17, 2022.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.08181

Also

keyword "bubble" in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bubble

Keywords: gst, nano, bubble, tune, pinning effect️

# gst: like steering a marble through a tilting labyrinth, randomness seems to quickly deliver specific outcomes.

<< According to the infinite monkey theorem, a monkey randomly hitting the keys of a typewriter will eventually write something worth reading—but it might take a few trillion years of trying. For those lacking the patience to wait, (AA)  now show that randomness can deliver specific outcomes much more quickly.  Simulating a 2D nanocluster of a dozen particles, (they) determine the temperature at which thermal fluctuations can most quickly rearrange those particles into a predetermined shape. They find that this time can be dramatically cut by applying an appropriate macroscopic force to the particles. >>

<< The duo also simulated nanoclusters that were subject to a macroscopic force field, for example, metallic nanoparticles in an electric field. Like steering a marble through a tilting labyrinth, they found the optimal global force to apply at each iteration such that the nanocluster navigated the space of possible configurations several orders of magnitude more quickly. >>️️

Marric Stephens. Rearranging Nanoclusters Using Randomness. Physics 15, s83. Jun 22, 2022. 

https://physics.aps.org/articles/v15/s83

Francesco Boccardo, Olivier Pierre-Louis. Controlling the Shape of Small Clusters with and without Macroscopic Fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 256102. Jun 22, 2022.  

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.256102

Also

keyword 'random' in FonT:

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=random

keyword 'error' | 'fuzzy' | 'noise'  in FonT 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=error

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=fuzzy

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=noise

keywords 'errore' | 'errori' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=errore

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=errori

keywords 'jelly roll' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=jelly+roll

Keywords: gst, nano, nanocluster, fluctuations, randomness, noise

# zoo: apropos of extreme dwarf entities, three new species of nano-hawk moths (Cautethia Grote, Sphingidae)

<< Hawk moths are known for being some of the largest night fliers in the insect world (..) three new species from The Bahamas are breaking records at the opposite end of the size spectrum. At about the length of a vitamin pill, they are among the smallest discovered. >>️

<< Hawk moths are a diverse group of insects, with some 1,700 species worldwide. In addition to their remarkable wingspans, they also have incredibly long proboscises, the straw-like tongues they use to siphon nectar.  The title for the world's longest proboscis is held by a hawk moth endemic to Madagascar, which comes in at just under 12 inches when fully unfurled. >>️

Brian V. Smith. New hawk moth species are among the smallest ever discovered. Florida Museum of Natural History. Jul 11, 2022. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-07-hawk-moth-species-smallest.html

Jacqueline Y. Miller, Deborah L. Matthews, Riley J. Gott. Three new species of Cautethia Grote (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from the Lucayan Archipelago and keys to West Indies species. Insecta Mundi. 0937,  1-28. Jun 24, 2022 (pdf).

https://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/0937_Miller_etal_2022.pdf

Also

Apropos of extreme dwarf entities, the nano-chameleon (Brookesia nana). FonT.  Feb 9, 2021.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2021/02/zoo-apropos-of-extreme-dwarf-entities.html

keyword 'nano' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=nano

keyword 'nano' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=nano

keywords: life, zoo, evol, dwarf, nano

# gst: approaching the dynamics of nanobubble formation and collapse

<< While sequential optical imaging (i.e., recording movies) has contributed significantly to our understanding of cavitation and other complex bubble behavior at the larger (..) scale, the necessary length and temporal resolutions make such a traditional approach infeasible for nanobubbles, >> Garth Egan. ️

<< To take the images at the nanoscale, (AA) shot a 532-nanometer laser pulse (about 12 nanosec) to excite gold nanoparticles inside a 1.2 micron layer of water. The resulting bubbles were observed with a series of nine electron pulses (10 ns) separated by as little as 40 ns peak-to-peak. The researchers found that isolated nanobubbles were observed to collapse in less than 50 ns, while larger (∼2–3 micron) bubbles were observed to grow and collapse in less than 200 ns. >>

<< Isolated bubbles were observed to behave consistently with models derived from data from much larger bubbles. The formation and collapse were observed to be temporally asymmetric, which has implications for how results from alternate methods of experimental analysis are interpreted. More complex interactions between adjacent bubbles also were observed, which led to bubbles living longer than expected and rebounding upon collapse. >>️️

Anne M. Stark. Multiframe imaging of micron and nanoscale bubble dynamics.  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Feb 09, 2022. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-02-multiframe-imaging-micron-nanoscale-dynamics.html

Garth C. Egan, Edmond Y. Lau, Eric Schwegler.  Multiframe Imaging of Micron and Nanoscale Bubble Dynamics. Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 3, 1053–1058. doi: 10.1021/ acs.nanolett.1c04101. Jan 19, 2022.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04101

Also

keyword "bubble" in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bubble

keyword "bolla" | "bolle" in Notes (quasistochastic-poetry): 

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=bolla

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=bolle

keywords: bubble, nano, nanobubble,  nanobubble dynamics, bubble formation, bubble collapse

# gst: apropos of hybrid nanostructures, the Kondo cloud effects on 'impurities' (inside superconductors).

<< when a metal contains magnetic impurities, conduction electrons can form a screening cloud, which essentially screens the impurity's spin. This physical phenomenon is known as the Kondo effect; thus, the resulting cloud is referred to as a Kondo cloud. >>

<< While the behavior of the Kondo cloud in normal systems is well-understood, its properties in the presence of superconducting materials have not yet been explored in depth. So far, most physicists have believed that the screening of impurity spins in hybrid nanostructures takes place predominantly in the screened, rather than in the unscreened, quantum phase. >>

<< The system we considered exhibits a quantum phase transition when the ground state changes between the Kondo state and the so-called Shiba state, (..) Up to now, it was believed that the screening occurs in the Kondo phase. Quite strikingly, we have however, demonstrated that the Kondo cloud exists also in the unscreened phase. >>  Ireneusz Weymann.

Ingrid Fadelli. Study predicts the behavior of a Kondo cloud in a superconductor. Phys.org. Nov  23, 2021. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-11-behavior-kondo-cloud-superconductor.html

Catalin Pascu Moca, Ireneusz Weymann, et al. Kondo Cloud in a Superconductor.  Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 186804. Oct 27, 2021.

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.186804

keywords: gst, nano, hybrid nanostructure, superconductor, transition, impurity, Kondo cloud, Kondo effect

# gst: shuffling atomic layers like playing cards (almost like to compose a quasi-stochastic poetry)

<< Materials scientists can now shuffle layered compounds together, much like combining two different decks of cards. >>️

<< The technique, recently discovered (..), is leading to development of new materials with unusual electron transport properties that have potential applications in next-generation quantum technologies. >>️

<< The discovered technique has shown another unexpected and promising application in new materials design. The "reshuffling" approach can generate thermally stable three-dimensional (3D) heterostructures from layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). These are van der Waals materials composed of metal nanolayers sandwiched between two other layers of chalcogens—sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. Similar to graphite, these compounds can be exfoliated into 2D layers, which display unique electron transport properties and quantum phenomena. >>

️

Scientists shuffle atomic layers like playing cards to make new quantum materials. Ames Laboratory. Jul 20, 2021. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-07-scientists-shuffle-atomic-layers-cards.html

Ihor Z. Hlova, Prashant Singh, et al. Incommensurate transition-metal dichalcogenides via mechanochemical reshuffling of binary precursors. 

Nanoscale Adv. 3: 4065-4071. doi: 10.1039/ D1NA00064K. Jun 7, 2021. 

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/NA/D1NA00064K

Also

1836 - immillante sandwich. Notes. Nov 28, 2004 (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2004/11/1836-immillante-sandwich.html

# gst: weird Nature; randomly arranged nanowire networks seem to behave, at the edge of chaos, like cortical neuronal cultures

<< an artificial network of nanowires can be tuned to respond in a brain-like way when electrically stimulated. >>️

<< If the signal stimulating the network was too low, then the pathways were too predictable and orderly and did not produce complex enough outputs to be useful. If the electrical signal overwhelmed the network, the output was completely chaotic and useless for problem solving. The optimal signal for producing a useful output was at the edge of this chaotic state. >>️

<< Some theories in neuroscience suggest the human mind could operate at this edge of chaos, or what is called the critical state, (..) Some neuroscientists think it is in this state where we achieve maximal brain performance. (..) What's so exciting about this result is that it suggests that these types of nanowire networks can be tuned into regimes with diverse, brain-like collective dynamics, which can be leveraged to optimize information processing. >> Zdenka Kuncic.️

<< In the nanowire network the junctions between the wires allow the system to incorporate memory and operations into a single system. This is unlike standard computers, which separate memory (RAM) and operations (CPUs). >>

<< These junctions act like computer transistors but with the additional property of remembering that signals have traveled that pathway before. As such, they are called 'memristors', >> Joel Hochstetter.

️

'Edge of chaos' opens pathway to artificial intelligence discoveries. University of Sydney. Jun 29, 2021.

https://phys.org/news/2021-06-edge-chaos-pathway-artificial-intelligence.html

Joel Hochstetter, Ruomin Zhu, et al. Avalanches and edge-of-chaos learning in neuromorphic nanowire networks. Nat Commun 12, 4008. doi: 10.1038/ s41467-021-24260-z. Jun 29, 2021.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24260-z

# gst: this arrangement may not be completely random; you might observe ordered structures (also) into amorphous (metallic glasses) solids

<< Glass, rubber and plastics all belong to a class of matter called amorphous solids. And in spite of how common they are in our everyday lives, amorphous solids have long posed a challenge to scientists. >>

A study << reports on the first-ever determination of the 3D atomic structure of an amorphous solid—in this case, a material called metallic glass. >>️

️

<< Because amorphous solids have been so difficult to characterize, the researchers expected the atoms to be arranged chaotically. And although about 85% of the atoms were in a disordered arrangement, the researchers were able to identify pockets where a fraction of atoms coalesced into ordered superclusters. The finding demonstrated that even within an amorphous solid, the arrangement of atoms is not completely random. >>️

Wayne Lewis. Century-old problem solved with first-ever 3D atomic imaging of an amorphous solid. University of California, Los Angeles. Mar 31, 2021.

https://phys.org/news/2021-03-century-old-problem-first-ever-3d-atomic.html   

Yang Y., Zhou J., et al. Determining the three-dimensional atomic structure of an amorphous solid. Nature 592, 60–64.  doi: 10.1038/  s41586-021-03354-0. Mar 31, 2021.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03354-0    

# gst: expanding 'bubbles' of distortion in the nano lattice of a material, a glimpse of polarons

 << Polarons are fleeting distortions in a material's atomic lattice that form around a moving electron in a few trillionths of a second, then quickly disappear. As ephemeral as they are, they affect a material's behavior, >> 

 << When you put a charge into a material by hitting it with light, like what happens in a solar cell, electrons are liberated, and those free electrons start to move around the material, (..) Soon they are surrounded and engulfed by a sort of bubble of local distortion—the polaron—that travels along with them, (..)  Some people have argued that this 'bubble' protects electrons from scattering off defects in the material, and helps explain why they travel so efficiently to the solar cell's contact to flow out as electricity. >> Burak Guzelturk.

<< The hybrid perovskite lattice structure is flexible and soft—like a strange combination of a solid and a liquid at the same time, (..) and this is what allows polarons to form and grow. >> Aaron Lindenberg.

Glennda Chui. First glimpse of polarons forming in a promising next-gen energy material. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Jan 04, 2021.

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-glimpse-polarons-next-gen-energy-material.html

Burak Guzelturk, Thomas Winkler, et al.  Visualization of dynamic polaronic strain fields in hybrid lead halide perovskites. Nat. Mater. doi: 10.1038/ s41563-020-00865-5. 04 Jan 4, 2021.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-020-00865-5   

# gst: the strong impact on nanosheets by the weak van der Waals force

<< Van der Waals is a weak force that allows neutral molecules to attract one another through randomly fluctuating dipoles, depending on distance. Though small, its effects can be seen in the macro world, like when geckos walk up walls. >> 

<< Van der Waals forces are everywhere and, essentially, at the nanoscale everything is sticky, (..) When you put a large, flat particle on a large, flat surface, there's a lot of contact, and it's enough to permanently deform a particle that's really thin and flexible. >> 

Matt Jones. 

<< the ubiquitous, "weak" van der Waals force was sufficient to indent a rigid silver nanosheet. The phenomenon suggests possible applications in nanoscale optics or catalytic systems. >>

<< In further experiments, (..) nanospheres could be used to control the shape of the deformation, from single ridges when two spheres are close, to saddle shapes or isolated bumps when the spheres are farther apart. >> 

Mike Williams. Weak force has strong impact on nanosheets. Rice University. Dec 15, 2020. 

https://phys.org/news/2020-12-weak-strong-impact-nanosheets.html

Sarah M. Rehn, Theodor M. Gerrard-Anderson, et al. Mechanical Reshaping of Inorganic Nanostructures with Weak Nanoscale Forces. Nano Lett. doi: 10.1021/ acs.nanolett.0c03383. Dec 10, 2020. 

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03383  

Also

keyword 'van der Waals' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=van+der+Waals

# gst: structured amorphous with enforced fragmentation

<< Many substances with different chemical and physical properties, from diamonds to graphite, are made up of carbon atoms. Amorphous forms of solid carbon do not have a fixed crystal structure and consist of structural units—nanosized graphene particles. >>

(AA) << studied the structure of amorphous carbon and suggested classifying it as a separate type of amorphous solid bodies: a molecular amorphic with enforced fragmentation. (..) sp2 amorphous carbon is a fractal structure based on nanosized graphene domains that are surrounded by atoms of other elements (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and so on). >> 

<< The discovery and experimental confirmation of the graphene nature of the 'black gold' will completely change the theory, modeling, and interpretation of experiments with this class of substances. However, some questions remain unanswered. What does solid-state physics make of this amorphous state of solid carbon? What role does amorphous carbon with sp2-hybridization play in the bigger picture?  >>  Elena Sheka.

Physicists describe a new type of amorphous solid bodies. RUDN University. Dec 03, 2020. 

https://phys.org/news/2020-12-physicists-amorphous-solid-bodies.html 

E. F. Sheka ,Ye. A. Golubev, N. A. Popova. Amorphous state of sp2 solid carbon. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures. doi: 10.1080/ 1536383X.2020.1815713. Sep 03, 2020.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1536383X.2020.1815713 

Also 

word 'allotropy' in Cambridge Dictionary

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/allotropy

# GST: how to harvest energy from impacting droplets

AA << designed an electrical generator that can harvest energy from impacting droplets and other sources of mechanical energy. (..) The electrical generator can be explained as being a permanently charged capacitor, also known as an electret. >>

They << managed to convert 11.8% of the mechanical energy of an impacting droplet into electrical energy, which is a significant improvement compared to the efficiency of similar devices. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the energy harvesting efficiency does not degrade after 100 days, requiring only a single 15 minute charging cycle before long-term application. >>

K.W. Wesselink. Generator developed for harvesting energy from droplets. 

University of Twente. Jul 8, 2020.

https://phys.org/news/2020-07-harvesting-energy-droplets.html

Hao Wu, Niels Mendel, et al. Charge Trapping‐Based Electricity Generator (CTEG): An Ultrarobust and High Efficiency Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting from Water Droplets. Advanced Materials. doi: 10.1002/ adma.202001699. July 6, 2020.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202001699  

Hao Wu, Niels Mendel, et al. Energy harvesting from drops impacting onto charged surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. Jun 25, 2020.

https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/ec07bYb0D261277cc08a6414c57b4ce4ab3e8da4f

Also

keyword 'drops' in Font:

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=drops

# bots: tiny machinery, nanobots (molecule-sized bots) from 1k to millions swarming together to perform tasks

<< Multi-disciplinary research has led to the innovative fabrication of molecule-sized robots. Scientists are now advancing their efforts to make these robots interact and work together in the millions. >>

AA << have made molecular robots with three key components: microtubules, single-stranded DNA, and a light-sensing chemical compound. The microtubules act as the molecular robot's motor, converting chemical energy into mechanical work. The DNA strands act as the information processor due to its incredible ability to store data and perform multiple functions simultaneously. The chemical compound, azobenzene derivative, is able to sense light, acting as the molecular robot's on/off switch. (..) (They) have successfully controlled the shape of those swarms by tuning the length and rigidity of the microtubules. Relatively stiff robots swarm in uni-directional, linear bundles, while more flexible ones form rotating, ring-shaped swarms.>>

<< A continuing challenge, though, is making separate groups of robots swarm at the same time, but in different patterns. This is needed to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. >>

Scientists working to make molecule-sized robots swarm together to perform tasks. National Institute for Materials Science. Jun 18, 2020.

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-scientists-molecule-sized-robots-swarm-tasks.html   

Arif Md. Rashedul Kabir, Daisuke Inoue,  Akira Kakugo. Molecular swarm robots: recent progress and future challenges.  Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 21:1, 323-332. doi: 10.1080/ 14686996.2020.1761761. Jun 16, 2020. 

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14686996.2020.1761761 

Also

keyword 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

keyword 'self-assembly' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=self-assembly

# gst: self‐assembly of porous, chiral nano-patterns from simple building blocks.

<< Using a simple rod-like building block with hydroxamic acids at both ends scientists (..) created self- assembling porous, chiral nano structures.  >>

<< Like our left and right hands, the shape of two mirrored cage structures cannot be superimposed. Since the 19th century, academics have characterized this type of object symmetry as 'chiral,' from the ancient Greek meaning 'hand.' These kinds of molecules are frequently found in natural compounds. Chirality influences interactions of polarized light and magnetic properties and plays a vital role in life.  For example, our olfactory receptors react very differently to the two mirror images of the limonene molecule: one smells like lemon, the other like pine. This so-called chiral recognition is a process that can determine whether a molecule acts as medicine or poison. >>

Complex, porous, chiral nano-patterns arise from a simple linear building blocks. Technical University Munich. Jan 16, 2020.

https://m.phys.org/news/2020-01-complex-porous-chiral-nano-patterns-simple.html

<< Regrettably (in this specific experimental context), the end groups proved to be elusive >>

Chao Jing,  Bodong Zhang, et al. Snapshots of Dynamic Adaptation: Two‐Dimensional Molecular Architectonics with Linear Bis‐Hydroxamic Acid Modules. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Volume 58, Issue 52. doi: 10.1002/anie.201912247. Oct 31, 2019. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anie.201912247

Also

keyword 'chiral' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=chiral

# gst: exploring the lifespan of a liquid droplet

<< Current theories state that the droplet's diameter-squared decreases in proportion to time (classical law); however, this period only accounts for a small portion of the drop's evolution. As the diameter approaches the unobservable micro- and nano-scale, molecular dynamics have to be used as virtual experiments and these show a crossover to a new behaviour, with the diameter now reducing in proportion to time (nano-scale law). >>

<< It is fascinating that intuition based on everyday observations are a hindrance when attempting to understand nanoscale flows, so that, as in this research, one has to lean on theory to enlighten us. >>  James Sprittles.

The lifespan of an evaporating liquid drop. University of Warwick. Oct 10, 2019.     https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-lifespan-evaporating-liquid.html

Rana A.S., Lockerby D.A., Sprittles J.E.  Lifetime of a Nanodroplet: Kinetic Effects and Regime Transitions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 154501 Oct 9, 2019.     https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.154501   

# gst: retooling viruses

<< New research reveals that the way viruses were perceived in terms of their architecture will need to be retooled, because they are actually structured in many more patterns than previously understood. The findings could have significant impact on how they are classified, our understanding of how they form, evolve and infect hosts, and strategies to identify ways to design vaccines to target them. >>

Why viruses like Herpes and Zika will need to be reclassified, and its biotech impact. San Diego State University. Sep 27, 2019.    https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-09/sdsu-wvl092519.php  

<<  improved imaging techniques have revealed increasing numbers of viral outliers >>

<< The polyhedral layouts describing the quasiequivalent capsid structures in CK-theory (Caspar, D. L. & Klug, A. theory) also occur in other areas of science, (..) The conceptual framework for the classification of icosahedral and octahedral polyhedral layouts presented here is therefore of interest for a wide range of scientific disciplines beyond virology. >>

Reidun Twarock, Antoni Luque.  Structural puzzles in virology solved with an overarching icosahedral design principle. Nature Comm. volume 10, Article number: 4414 Sep 27, 2019.   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12367-3