# game: balance exploration and exploitation, making decisions cooperatively without sharing information.

<< Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) studies crucial principles that are applicable to a variety of fields, including wireless networking and autonomous driving. (AA) propose a photonic-based decision-making algorithm to address one of the most fundamental problems in MARL, called the competitive multiarmed bandit (CMAB) problem. >>

AA << demonstrate that chaotic oscillations and cluster synchronization of optically coupled lasers, along with (their) proposed decentralized coupling adjustment, efficiently balance exploration and exploitation while facilitating cooperative decision making without explicitly sharing information among agents. >>

AA << study demonstrates how decentralized reinforcement learning can be achieved by exploiting complex physical processes controlled by simple algorithms. >>

Shun Kotoku, Takatomo Mihana, et al. Decentralized multiagent reinforcement learning algorithm using a cluster-synchronized laser network. Phys. Rev. E 110, 064212. Dec 11, 2024.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.064212

Img: https://x.com/PhysRevE/status/1866889144657465632

Also: game, chaos, ai (artificial intell), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: game, cooperation, chaos, exploration, exploitation, ai, artificial intelligence, MARL, CMAB.

# gst: protected chaos in a topological lattice.

<< The erratic nature of chaotic behavior is thought to erode the stability of periodic behavior, including topological oscillations. However, (AA) discover that in the presence of chaos, non-trivial topology not only endures but also provides robust protection to chaotic dynamics within a topological lattice hosting non-linear oscillators. >>

<< Despite the difficulty in defining topological invariants in non-linear settings, non-trivial topological robustness still persists in the parametric state of chaotic boundary oscillations. (AA) demonstrate this interplay between chaos and topology by incorporating chaotic Chua's circuits into a topological Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) circuit. >>

<< By extrapolating from the linear limit to deep into the non-linear regime, (AA) find that distinctive correlations in the bulk and edge scroll dynamics effectively capture the topological origin of the protected chaos. (Their)  findings suggest that topologically protected chaos can be robustly achieved across a broad spectrum of periodically-driven systems, thereby offering new avenues for the design of resilient and adaptable non-linear networks. >>️

Haydar Sahin, Hakan Akgün, et al. Protected chaos in a topological lattice. arXiv: 2411.07522v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]. Nov 12, 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07522

Also: chaos, random, instability, transition, network, ai (artificial intell), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, chaos, random,  instability, transition, network, AI, Artificial Intelligence

# life: fast-and-flexible decision-making with modulatory interactions

<< Multi-agent systems in biology, society, and engineering are capable of making decisions through the dynamic interaction of their elements. Nonlinearity of the interactions is key for the speed, robustness, and flexibility of multi-agent decision-making. >>

AA << introduce modulatory, that is, multiplicative, in contrast to additive, interactions in a nonlinear opinion dynamics model of fast-and-flexible decision-making. (..) Modulatory interactions introduce an extra source of nonlinearity that greatly enriches the model decision-making behavior in a mathematically tractable way. >>

AA << model provides new tools to understand the role of these interactions in networked decision-making and to engineer them in artificial systems. >>

Rodrigo Moreno-Morton, Anastasia Bizyaeva, et al. Fast-and-flexible decision-making with modulatory interactions. arXiv: 2410.00798v1 [math.DS]. Oct 1, 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00798

Also: behav, network, ai (artificial intell), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, decision-making, modulatory interactions, behavior, behaviour, network, ai, artificial intelligence

# life: Future You

<< AI simulation gives people a glimpse of their potential future self. By enabling users to chat with an older version of themselves, Future You is aimed at reducing anxiety and guiding young people to make better choices. >>️

<< Have you ever wanted to travel through time to see what your future self might be like? Now, thanks to the power of generative AI, you can. >>️

Adam Zewe. AI simulation gives people a glimpse of their potential future self. MIT News. Oct 1, 2024.

https://news.mit.edu/2024/ai-simulation-gives-people-glimpse-potential-future-self-1001 

Pat Pataranutaporn, Kavin Winson, et al. Future You: A Conversation with an AI-Generated Future Self Reduces Anxiety, Negative Emotions, and Increases Future Self-Continuity. arXiv: 2405.12514v4 [cs.HC]. Oct 1, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.12514

Try Future You  https://futureyou.media.mit.edu/

Also: ai (artificial intell), are you ready for all this?  in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, ai, artificial intelligence, are you ready for all this

# brain: time delay in 'reservoir brain' as a reservoir network, a hypothesis

<< Both the predictive power and the memory storage capability of an artificial neural network called a reservoir computer increase when time delays are added into how the network processes signals, according to a new model. >>️

<< They also suggest that incorporating time delays could offer advantages to living neural networks (such as those found in human and animal brains). Such a finding would be tantalizing, as time delays are known to decrease performance in living systems. For example, for a baseball player facing an oncoming ball, a longer time delay between perception and action (which is learned from experience) will decrease the likelihood they hit a home run. Are there instead cases in which time delays increase an organism’s ability to perform some task? Has evolution shaped our brains, which could perhaps be thought of as a collection of reservoir computers, so that the time delay between one neuron sending a signal and a second receiving it is exactly the right length for understanding the visual and audio that constantly impinge upon our eyes and ears? Does adding time delays impact the number of neurons the brain needs to operate correctly? Further work is needed to answer these questions, but such work could lead to a new understanding of how biological organism’s function.  >>️

Sarah Marzen. Time Delays Improve Performance of Certain Neural Networks. Physics 17, 111. July 22, 2024. 

https://physics.aps.org/articles/v17/111 

Also: pause, silence, jazz, network, brain, ai (artificial intell), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, brain, network, neural network, reservoir network, reservoir computer, time delay, ai, artificial intelligence

# life: anyone could now run small AIs privately on their laptops

<< Artificial-intelligence models are typically used online, but a host of openly available tools is changing that. Here’s how to get started with local AIs. >>️

Matthew Hutson. Forget ChatGPT: why researchers now run small AIs on their laptops. Nature 633, 728-729 (2024). Sep 16, 2024. Correction: Sep 24,  2024. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02998-y

Also: ai (artificial intell), Donald, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, ai, artificial intelligence, life, Donald

FonT: In a completely bizarre hypothesis, with the right personal AI consultant, even a medieval history professor could be absolutely operational in other fields, for example in the agri-food sector (here we underline: absolutely).

In case of serious mistakes, the AI ​​entity can be held entirely responsible, or it can be blamed on an unfortunate malfunction due to hacking, anzicheforse. 

Also: << Asked if Strohschneider (Peter Strohschneider) wrote the report himself, the spokesperson said he “was able to propose language” for it and that a “limited number of staff” helped Strohschneider write it. >> Balazs Ujvari. 

Eddy Wax. Von der Leyen budgeted €149K to pay medieval history professor for farming report. Politico.eu. Sep 26, 2024 4:20 am CET. 

https://www.politico.eu/article/ursula-von-der-leyen-farming-agriculture-italy/

# behav: swarms and hybrids, an approach to create and control collective motions (on demand)

AA << demonstrate that it is possible to generate coordinated structures in collective behavior at desired moments with intended global patterns by fine-tuning an inter-agent interaction rule. (Their) strategy employs deep neural networks, obeying the laws of dynamics, to find interaction rules that command desired collective structures. The decomposition of interaction rules into distancing and aligning forces, expressed by polynomial series, facilitates the training of neural networks to propose desired interaction models. Presented examples include altering the mean radius and size of clusters in vortical swarms, timing of transitions from random to ordered states, and continuously shifting between typical modes of collective motions. This strategy can even be leveraged to superimpose collective modes, resulting in hitherto unexplored but highly practical hybrid collective patterns, such as protective security formations. >>

Dongjo Kim, Jeongsu Lee, Ho-Young Kim. Navigating the swarm: Deep neural networks command emergent behaviours. arXiv: 2407.11330v1 [cs.NE]. Jul 16, 2024.️

https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11330

Also: swarm, flock, behav, AI (artificial intell), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: behav, swarm, flock, AI, artificial intelligence 

# ai-bot: hypothesis of the emergence of a conscious AI model in short-term.

<< GPT-4 is often heralded as a leading commercial AI offering, sparking debates over its potential as a steppingstone toward artificial general intelligence. But does it possess consciousness? >>

AA paper << investigates this key question using the nine qualitative measurements of the Building Blocks theory. GPT-4's design, architecture and implementation are compared to each of the building blocks of consciousness to determine whether it has achieved the requisite milestones to be classified as conscious or, if not, how close to consciousness GPT-4 is. >>

AA << assessment is that, while GPT-4 in its native configuration is not currently conscious, current technological research and development is sufficient to modify GPT-4 to have all the building blocks of consciousness. Consequently, (AA) argue that the emergence of a conscious AI model is plausible in the near term. >>️

Izak Tait, Joshua Bensemann, Ziqi Wang. Is GPT-4 conscious? arXiv: 2407.09517v1 [cs.AI]. Jun 19, 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.09517

Also: ai (artificial intell) in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: ai, artificial intelligence, gpt-4, consciousness

# ai: apropos of Black Box in Generative Artificial Intelligence, the scientific XAI.

<< The scientific method is the cornerstone of human progress across all branches of the natural and applied sciences, from understanding the human body to explaining how the universe works. The scientific method is based on identifying systematic rules or principles that describe the phenomenon of interest in a reproducible way that can be validated through experimental evidence. In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), there are discussions on how AI systems may discover new knowledge. >>

<< More specifically, knowing what data AI systems used to make decisions can be a point of contact with domain experts and scientists, that can lead to divergent or convergent views on a given scientific problem. Divergent views may spark further scientific investigations leading to new scientific knowledge. Convergent views may instead reassure that the AI system is operating within bounds deemed reasonable to humans. >>️

<< The perspective (AA) present here was inspired by several authors that published on the topic of AI for science in the past few years, but perhaps one contribution stands out: the inspiring New York Times editorial by Steven Strogatz (Strogatz, S. One giant step for a chess-playing machine. New York Times 26 (2018)) covering the winning of AlphaZero against Stockfish. In that piece, Strogatz states: “What is frustrating about machine learning, however, is that the algorithms can’t articulate what they’re thinking. We don’t know why they work, so we don’t know if they can be trusted. AlphaZero gives every appearance of having discovered some important principles about chess, but it can’t share that understanding with us.”. He additionally cites Garry Kasparov (the former world chess champion) that stated: “we would say that its [AlphaZero] style reflects the truth. This superior understanding allowed it to outclass the world’s top traditional program despite calculating far fewer positions per second.” >>️

AA highlights the importance of three aspects regarding scientific XAI (explainable Artificial Intelligence): accuracy, reproducibility, understandability, ️

Apropos of 'understandability', << The machine view should be understandable to scientists and domain experts. (..) If we want a scientist to make sense of the data used by a machine, this data should contain viable features that allow a scientist to tap into its existing corpus of knowledge. >>

<< XAI may also alleviate some of the risks that we may face when using AI for scientific discovery, that we share with Messeri and Crockett (‘adopting AI in scientific research can bind to our cognitive limitations and impede scientific understanding despite promising to improve it’). >>

️

Gianmarco Mengaldo. Explain the Black Box for the Sake of Science: Revisiting the Scientific Method in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence. arXiv: 2406.10557v1 [cs.AI]. Jun 15, 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.10557

Also: ai (artificial intell), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: AI, XAI, Artificial Intelligence

# life: oops! AI - artificial intelligence - now beats humans at basic tasks.

<< Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, such as the chatbot ChatGPT, have become so advanced that they now very nearly match or exceed human performance in tasks including reading comprehension, image classification and competition-level mathematics, according to a new report. >>️

Nicola Jones. AI now beats humans at basic tasks — new benchmarks are needed, says major report. Stanford University’s 2024 AI Index charts the meteoric rise of artificial-intelligence tools. Nature. doi: 10.1038/ d41586-024-01087-4. Apr 15, 2024. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01087-4

<< Welcome to the seventh edition of the AI Index report. The 2024 Index is our most comprehensive to date and arrives at an important moment when AI’s influence on society has never been more pronounced. >>

️

THE AI INDEX REPORT. Measuring trends in AI. 

https://aiindex.stanford.edu/report/

Also:  "qui non e' impossibile immaginare ..." (here it is not impossible to imagine ... ). In: FonT. Dec 31, 2015. 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2015/12/rmx-s-gst-anomalous-formation-of.html

Also:  artificial intell, analogy, nfulaw,  oops, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, ai, artificial intelligence, analogy, nfulaw

# gene: bacteria and archaea CRISPR everywhere in nature

<< Single-celled bacteria and archaea use CRISPR systems to defend themselves against viruses known as bacteriophages. (..) Until now, researchers had identified six types of CRISPR system, designated I–VI. >>

AA << developed an algorithm called FLSHclust, which analyses genetic sequences in public databases. (..) By looking at the predicted function of the clusters, the researchers found around 130,000 genes associated in some way with CRISPR, 188 of which had never been seen before, >>️️

<< It’s a treasure trove for biochemists, >> Lennart Randau.

Sara Reardon. ‘Treasure trove’ of new CRISPR systems holds promise for genome editing. Nature. doi: 10.1038/ d41586-023-03697-w. Nov 23, 2023. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03697-w

Han Altae-Tran, Soumya Kannan, Feng Zhang, et al. Uncovering the functional diversity of rare CRISPR-Cas systems with deep terascale clustering. 

Science, Vol 382, Issue 6673. doi: 10.1126/ science.adi1910. Nov 23, 2023. 

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi1910

Also: 'CRISPR' in https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=crispr  

Keywords: genome, gene, crispr, crispr system, ai, artificial intelligence

# life: apropos of AI chatbots, a hypothetical nightmare (for professional writers).

<< Nearly half of white-collar professionals have tried using ChatGPT to help with their work, according to a recent survey of more than 10,000 people at blue chips such as Google, JP Morgan and McKinsey. That’s staggering, considering the AI chatbot was only released to the public in November. It’s potentially very exciting for the future of work, but it also brings serious risks. >>️

<< Jobs involving significant amounts of writing will inevitably be affected most, such as journalists, academic researchers and policy analysts. >>️

<< For example Mihir Shukla, CEO and founder of California-based software company Automation Anywhere, thinks that “anywhere from 15% to 70% of all the work we do in front of the computer could be automated”. On the other hand a recent McKinsey report suggests that only about 9% of people will have to change careers. Even so, that’s a lot of people. Lower to mid-level employees are likely to be the ones most affected. >>

<< Employers have historically used labour-saving devices to maximise productivity, making people work harder, not smarter or better. Computers and emails, for example, have made work never-ending for many people. >>️

<< There are additionally concerns about the human cost of creating AI chatbots. Kenyan workers, for instance, were paid between US$1 and US$2 (80 pence to £1.60) per hour to train OpenAI’s GPT-3 model, on which ChatGPT is based. Their brief was to make it less toxic by labelling thousands of samples of potentially offensive text so that the platform could learn to detect violent, racist and sexist language. This was so traumatic for the workers that the contractor nearly brought the project to an early end. Unfortunately, there’s likely to be much more of this kind of work to come. >>️

<< Finally, AI chatbots raise fascinating intellectual property issues. >>️

️

Peter Bloom, Pasi Ahonen. ChatGPT: how to prevent it becoming a nightmare for professional writers. The Conversation. Mar 1, 2023. 

https://theconversation.com/chatgpt-how-to-prevent-it-becoming-a-nightmare-for-professional-writers-200661 

img  https://images.theconversation.com/files/512653/original/file-20230228-1747-i2un5k.jpeg

Also 

<< Earlier this week, I was chatting with a policy professor in Washington, DC, who told me that students and colleagues alike are asking about GPT-4 and generative AI: What should they be reading? How much attention should they be paying?

She wanted to know if I had any suggestions, and asked what I thought all the new advances meant for lawmakers. I’ve spent a few days thinking, reading, and chatting with the experts about this, and my answer morphed into this newsletter. So here goes! >>️

Tate Ryan-Mosley. MIT - The Technocrat. Mar 24, 2023. 

https://mailchi.mp/technologyreview.com/the-internet-is-about-to-get-a-lot-safer-840910

Also

AI (co)creators of storytelling ... they don't cry during sad stories, but they could tell when you will. FonT. Dec 2, 2018. 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2018/12/ai-bot-ai-cocreators-of-storytelling.html

keyword 'ai' | 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

keyword 'ia' | 'ai' | 'robota' in Notes

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=robota

Keywords: life, ai, ia, artificial intelligence, bot, robota, chatbot, GPT-3, GPT-4, chatGPT, chatBARD, chatERNIE, chatFIREFLY, chatCLAUDE

# jazz: a 'Trombiverse' approach, 'hear Beethoven like you've never heard it before'

<< Trombone Champ is the world's first trombone-based rhythm music game. Unlike most music games, you can freely play any note at any time. You're not just following along with the music, you're actually playing the music! >>️

Holy Wow. Trombone Champ. Sep 15, 2022. 

https://store.steampowered.com/app/1059990/Trombone_Champ

https://twitter.com/pcgamer/status/1572372646012260353

Christopher Livingston. The world's first trombone rhythm game is instantly a GOTY contender. Sep21, 2022.

https://www.pcgamer.com/the-worlds-first-trombone-rhythm-game-is-instantly-a-goty-contender

cit. @RhiannonJudithW. The Download. MIT. Sep 22, 2022.

https://mailchi.mp/technologyreview.com/1ys7rzr55b

FonT

a working hypothesis: anyone could summarize, filtering life-data through an artificial intelligence, the salient episodes of one's own existence through an approach of this type ... 

Also

'jazz' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

'jazz' | 'jazzy' | 'funky' |  in FonT (twitter)

https://twitter.com/flashontrack

'jazz' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

'ai' | 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

'ia' | 'ai' | 'robota' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=robota

Keywords: jazz, life, music, trombone,  games, ai, artificial intelligence

# art: generating images from text

This image was generated by the new open source AI art generator Stable Diffusion. 

https://huggingface.co/spaces/stabilityai/stable-diffusion

My inserted text:

"Are you ready for all this?"

<< I’m Melissa Heikkilä, MIT Technology Review’s senior reporter for AI. I’m so happy you’re here. Every week I will demystify the latest AI breakthroughs and cut through the hype. This week, I want to talk to you about some of the unforeseen consequences that might come from one of the hottest areas of AI: text-to-image generation. 

Text-to-image AI models are a lot of fun. Enter any random text prompt, and they will generate an image in that vein. Sometimes the results are really silly. But increasingly, they're impressive, and can pass for high-quality art drawn by a human being.  >>️

Melissa Heikkila. The Algorithm. MIT Tech Rev. Sep 19, 2022. 

https://mailchi.mp/technologyreview.com/welcome-to-the-algorithm-j1fl2n3h99

Also 

keyword 'ai' | 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

keyword 'ia' | 'ai' | 'robota' in Notes (quasi- stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=robota

Keywords: art, ai, artificial intelligence, bot, robota

# ai: perpetual nirvana among 'self-addicted', 'self-cracked', 'playful' machines, the wireheading effect.

<< In 1953, a Harvard psychologist thought he discovered pleasure – accidentally – within the cranium of a rat. With an electrode inserted into a specific area of its brain, the rat was allowed to pulse the implant by pulling a lever. It kept returning for more: insatiably, incessantly, lever-pulling. In fact, the rat didn’t seem to want to do anything else. Seemingly, the reward centre of the brain had been located. >>️

<< More than 60 years later, in 2016, a pair of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers were training an AI to play video games. The goal of one game – Coastrunner – was to complete a racetrack. But the AI player was rewarded for picking up collectable items along the track. When the program was run, they witnessed something strange. The AI found a way to skid in an unending circle, picking up an unlimited cycle of collectables. It did this, incessantly, instead of completing the course. >>️

<< What links these seemingly unconnected events is something strangely akin to addiction in humans. Some AI researchers call the phenomenon "wireheading". >>️

Thomas Moynihan, Anders Sandberg. Drugs, robots and the pursuit of pleasure – why experts are worried about AIs becoming addicts. The Conversation. Sep 14, 2021. 

https://theconversation.com/drugs-robots-and-the-pursuit-of-pleasure-why-experts-are-worried-about-ais-becoming-addicts-163376

Rock'n Roll Monkey/Unsplash, FAL (img)  

https://images.theconversation.com/files/411932/original/file-20210719-23-1fx0vl0.jpg

FonT: so one could hypothesize a suitable 'magic string' that mitigates hypothetical autocatalytic pulsatile wireheading effects, even for artificial, bio-artificial entities.

An ethno-drug revisited ... Ayahuasca, prelude of a "magic string" in neuropharmacology. FonT.  July 8, 2018.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2018/07/pharma-ethno-drug-revisited-ayahuasca.html

Also

"senza finalita' ideologiche, solo per curiosita',  giusto per giocare ..." in: 

Anomalous formation of molecules after vapor deposition. FonT.  Dec 31, 2015. 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2015/12/rmx-s-gst-anomalous-formation-of.html

A mechanism of analogy could be the master key to achieving an abstract artificial intelligence. FonT. Aug 10, 2021. 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2021/08/aibot-mechanism-of-analogy-could-be.html

keyword 'ia' | 'ai' in Notes (quasi- stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

keywords: ai, bots, artificial intelligence, wireheading effect, addiction

# ai.bot: a mechanism of analogy could be the master key to achieving an abstract artificial intelligence

<< It’s understanding the essence of a situation by mapping it to another situation that is already understood, (..) If you tell me a story and I say, ‘Oh, the same thing happened to me,’ literally the same thing did not happen to me that happened to you, but I can make a mapping that makes it seem very analogous. It’s something that we humans do all the time without even realizing we’re doing it. We’re swimming in this sea of analogies constantly. >> Melanie Mitchell.

️

John Pavlus. The Computer Scientist Training AI to Think With Analogies. QuantaMag. Jul 14, 2021.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/melanie-mitchell-trains-ai-to-think-with-analogies-20210714/

https://twitter.com/QuantaMagazine/status/1416798420669509635

Also

here a fuzzy example:  "qui non e' impossibile immaginare ..." (here it is not impossible to imagine ... )

in: Notes. Dec 31, 2015 (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2015/12/rmx-s-gst-anomalous-formation-of.html

keyword 'gst' (general system theory) in FonT 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=gst

keyword 'organoids' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=organoids

keyword 'ai' | 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

keyword 'ia' | 'ai' | 'robota' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=robota

# gst: weird Nature; randomly arranged nanowire networks seem to behave, at the edge of chaos, like cortical neuronal cultures

<< an artificial network of nanowires can be tuned to respond in a brain-like way when electrically stimulated. >>️

<< If the signal stimulating the network was too low, then the pathways were too predictable and orderly and did not produce complex enough outputs to be useful. If the electrical signal overwhelmed the network, the output was completely chaotic and useless for problem solving. The optimal signal for producing a useful output was at the edge of this chaotic state. >>️

<< Some theories in neuroscience suggest the human mind could operate at this edge of chaos, or what is called the critical state, (..) Some neuroscientists think it is in this state where we achieve maximal brain performance. (..) What's so exciting about this result is that it suggests that these types of nanowire networks can be tuned into regimes with diverse, brain-like collective dynamics, which can be leveraged to optimize information processing. >> Zdenka Kuncic.️

<< In the nanowire network the junctions between the wires allow the system to incorporate memory and operations into a single system. This is unlike standard computers, which separate memory (RAM) and operations (CPUs). >>

<< These junctions act like computer transistors but with the additional property of remembering that signals have traveled that pathway before. As such, they are called 'memristors', >> Joel Hochstetter.

️

'Edge of chaos' opens pathway to artificial intelligence discoveries. University of Sydney. Jun 29, 2021.

https://phys.org/news/2021-06-edge-chaos-pathway-artificial-intelligence.html

Joel Hochstetter, Ruomin Zhu, et al. Avalanches and edge-of-chaos learning in neuromorphic nanowire networks. Nat Commun 12, 4008. doi: 10.1038/ s41467-021-24260-z. Jun 29, 2021.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24260-z

# ai: the future where machines will test hypotheses on their own

<< Brian Nord imagines a future where machines test hypotheses on their own  (..) Nord has begun applying AI to problems in astronomy, such as identifying unusual astronomical objects known as gravitational lenses. (..)  He spoke to Physics about his recent projects and how he thinks AI, also known as machine learning, will change the way researchers do science. >>

Sophia Chen. Paving A Path for AI in Physics Research.  Physics 12, 108. Oct 3, 2019.    https://physics.aps.org/articles/v12/108  

Also

oops! artificial intelligence will kill self-employment. Oct 4, 2019.   https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2019/10/ai-life-oops-artificial-intelligence.html

keyword "ai" in FonT:     https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai