# qubit-ai: inside the qubit AI neural “black boxes”

<< Neural networks’ powers of prediction have fueled the recent AI boom, but it can be hard to explain how they reach their decisions. A new technique aimed at uncovering the inner workings of language processing networks is just the latest effort to shed some light on these “black boxes.” >>

<< Going a step further, some researchers are trying to create AI able to explain its decisions to lay people, not just experts >>

Edd Gent. Machines Are Getting Smarter—Now They Should Explain Themselves. Sep 19, 2017

https://singularityhub.com/2017/09/19/machines-are-getting-smarter-now-they-should-explain-themselves/

FonT

"but it can be hard to explain how they [AI machines] reach their decisions"

An easy prediction: "Qubit AI  Machines" will never fully explain themselves.

# ai.bot: a pulsatile semantic approach to assist in the drafting of sci/tech reports

<< At IBM Research AI, [AA] built an AI-based solution to assist analysts in preparing reports. >>

<< An AI-assisted solution can help analysts to prepare complete reports and also avoid bias based on past experience. >>

Oktie Hassanzadeh. Semantic concept discovery over event databases. IBM. July 17, 2018.

https://m.phys.org/news/2018-07-semantic-concept-discovery-event-databases.html

https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2018/07/semantic-concept-discovery/   

Oktie Hassanzadeh, Shari Trewin, Alfio Massimiliano Gliozzo. Semantic Concept Discovery Over Event Databases. ESWC. Feb 14, 2018.

https://2018.eswc-conferences.org/paper_182/

FonT

sarebbe davvero singolare, sorprendente, se, dopo l'analisi dei dati, una AI "decidesse" di scrivere il report finale in forma poetica, magari con un approccio quasistocastico, fuzzy, per la stesura del testo ...

# s-ai: POTUS races: the MogIA's granular prophecies, by Sanjiv Rai

<< An artificial intelligence system that correctly predicted the last three U.S. presidential elections puts Republican nominee Donald Trump ahead of Democrat rival Hillary Clinton in the race for the White House >>

<< MogIA is based on Mowgli, the child from Rudyard Kipling's novel "The Jungle Book." Rai [Sanjiv Rai] said this is because his AI model learns from the environment >>

<< "If you look at the primaries, in the primaries, there were immense amounts of negative conversations that happen with regards to Trump. However, when these conversations started picking up pace, in the final days, it meant a huge game opening for Trump and he won the primaries with a good margin," Rai told CNBC in a phone interview >>

<< Using social media to predict outcomes of elections has become increasingly popular because of the amount of data available publicly. In September, Nick Beauchamp [..] published a paper about his experiment applying AI to more than 100 million tweets in the 2012 election. He found that this closely mirrored the results seen in state-level polling >>

<< Rai said his system would be improved by more granular data  [from] each digital device [..] he could then collect data on exactly what people were thinking >>

Arjun Kharpal. Trump will win the election and is more popular than Obama in 2008, AI system finds. Oct. 27, 2016.

http://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/28/donald-trump-will-win-the-election-and-is-more-popular-than-obama-in-2008-ai-system-finds.html

Daniele Chicca. Elezioni Usa, per i social media e l’intelligenza artificiale vincerà Trump. 28 ott 2016

http://www.wallstreetitalia.com/news/elezioni-usa-per-i-social-media-e-lintelligenza-artificiale-vincera-trump/

# s-ai: handling imperfect information (from scratch), by Libratus

<< As the great Kenny Rogers once said, a good gambler has to know when to hold ’em and know when to fold ’em. At the Rivers Casino in Pittsburgh this week, a computer program called Libratus may finally prove that computers can do this better than any human card player >>

<< Libratus was created by Tuomas Sandholm, a professor in the computer science department at CMU, and his graduate student Noam Brown >>

<< Playing poker involves dealing with imperfect information, which makes the game very complex, and more like many real-world situations >>

<< Poker has been one of the hardest games for AI to crack (..)   There is no single optimal move, but instead an AI player has to randomize its actions so as to make opponents uncertain when it is bluffing >> Andrew Ng

Will Knight. Why Poker Is a Big Deal for Artificial Intelligence. Jan. 23, 2017

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/603385/why-poker-is-a-big-deal-for-artificial-intelligence/

<< Libratus, for one, did not use neural networks. Mainly, it relied on a form of AI known as reinforcement learning , a method of extreme trial-and-error. In essence, it played game after game against itself >>

<< By contrast [GO], Libratus learned from scratch.

Cade Metz. Inside Libratus, the Poker AI That Out-Bluffed the Best Humans. Feb.01, 2017 07:00 am

https://www.wired.com/2017/02/libratus/

more:

NoamBrown, Tuomas Sandholm. Safe and Nested Endgame Solving for Imperfect-Information Games.

http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~noamb/papers/17-AAAI-Refinement.pdf

# ai life: oops! artificial intelligence will kill self-employment

<< People who are self-employed in some of the lowest paid and most popular jobs are at the greatest risk of being displaced by artificial intelligence (AI), according to new research from the School of Management. Recently published by the Center for Research on Self-Employment, the study found that with both self-employment and AI investment on the rise, independent sales people, drivers, and agriculture and construction workers are in the greatest danger of having their jobs computerized because the work is routine and low in technical expertise. >>

Kevin Manne. How artificial intelligence will impact self-employment. University at Buffalo.  Oct 1, 2019.  

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-artificial-intelligence-impact-self-employment.html  

http://www.buffalo.edu/ubnow/stories/2019/10/ai-self-employment.html    

FonT

tutto cio' in prima approx; in seconda e terza approx anche tutte le altre professioni saranno 'coperte' da intelligenza artificiale, anche quelle ad elevata professionalita', e' solo questione di tempo. Paradossalmente non poche professioni che necessitano  elevato livello cognitivo (e accademico) potrebbero essere 'duplicate' da autonome AI anche prima di altre considerate di livello inferiore ...

# s-ai: ancient "Go" inside

<<  A major breakthrough for artificial intelligence, a computing system developed by Google researchers in Great Britain has beaten a top human player at the game of Go, the ancient Eastern contest of strategy and intuition that has bedeviled AI experts for decades >>

<< The DeepMind system, dubbed AlphaGo, matched its artificial wits against Fan Hui, Europe’s reigning Go champion, and the AI system went undefeated in five games witnessed by an editor from the journal Nature and an arbiter representing the British Go Federation >>

<< It happened faster than I thought >>

Cade Metz. In a huge breakthrough, google’s AI beats a top player at the game of go. Jan 27, 2016.

http://www.wired.com/2016/01/in-a-huge-breakthrough-googles-ai-beats-a-top-player-at-the-game-of-go/

# jazz: a 'Trombiverse' approach, 'hear Beethoven like you've never heard it before'

<< Trombone Champ is the world's first trombone-based rhythm music game. Unlike most music games, you can freely play any note at any time. You're not just following along with the music, you're actually playing the music! >>️

Holy Wow. Trombone Champ. Sep 15, 2022. 

https://store.steampowered.com/app/1059990/Trombone_Champ

https://twitter.com/pcgamer/status/1572372646012260353

Christopher Livingston. The world's first trombone rhythm game is instantly a GOTY contender. Sep21, 2022.

https://www.pcgamer.com/the-worlds-first-trombone-rhythm-game-is-instantly-a-goty-contender

cit. @RhiannonJudithW. The Download. MIT. Sep 22, 2022.

https://mailchi.mp/technologyreview.com/1ys7rzr55b

FonT

a working hypothesis: anyone could summarize, filtering life-data through an artificial intelligence, the salient episodes of one's own existence through an approach of this type ... 

Also

'jazz' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

'jazz' | 'jazzy' | 'funky' |  in FonT (twitter)

https://twitter.com/flashontrack

'jazz' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

'ai' | 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

'ia' | 'ai' | 'robota' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=robota

Keywords: jazz, life, music, trombone,  games, ai, artificial intelligence

# behav: predicting long-term collective behavior with deep learning (among fish species Hemigrammus rhodostomus)

<< Deciphering the social interactions that govern collective behavior in animal societies has greatly benefited from advancements in modern computing. Computational models diverge into two kinds of approaches: analytical models and machine learning models. This work introduces a deep learning model for social interactions in the fish species Hemigrammus rhodostomus, and compares its results to experiments and to the results of a state-of-the-art analytical model. To that end, (AA) propose a systematic methodology to assess the faithfulness of a model, based on the introduction of a set of stringent observables. (They) demonstrate that machine learning models of social interactions can directly compete against their analytical counterparts. Moreover, this work demonstrates the need for consistent validation across different timescales and highlights which design aspects critically enables (AA) deep learning approach to capture both short- and long-term dynamics. (AA) also show that this approach is scalable to other fish species. >>️

Vaios Papaspyros, Ramon Escobedo, et al. Predicting long-term collective animal behavior with deep learning. bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/ 2023.02.15.528318. Feb 15, 2023.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528318v1

Also

keywords 'behav' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=behav

keyword 'ai' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

keyword 'ia' | 'ai' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

Keywords: ai, gst, behav, behavior, cognition, machine learning, deep learning, social interactions

# ai.bot: from stochastic parrot to quasi-stochastic speaking (mimetic) entity, the next steps of LLMs AI phrasing algorithms ... Are you ready?

<< Soon enough, all of our digital interactions—when we email, search, or post on social media—will be filtered through LLMs. (i.e. large language model (LLM)—a deep-learning algorithm trained on enormous amounts of text data) >>️

 << it’s the gap between what LLMs are and what they aspire to be that has concerned a growing number of researchers. LLMs are effectively the world’s most powerful autocomplete technologies. By ingesting millions of sentences, paragraphs, and even samples of dialogue, they learn the statistical patterns that govern how each of these elements should be assembled in a sensible order. This means LLMs can enhance certain activities: for example, they are good for creating more interactive and conversationally fluid chatbots that follow a well-established script. But they do not actually understand what they’re reading or saying. >>

<< We can’t really stop this craziness around large language models, where everybody wants to train them, (..) But what we can do is try to nudge this in a direction that is in the end more beneficial. >> Thomas Wolf.️

<< "Language technology can be very, very useful when it is appropriately scoped and situated and framed," (Emily Bender) (..) But the general-purpose nature of LLMs—and the persuasiveness of their mimicry—entices companies to use them in areas they aren’t necessarily equipped for. >> ️

Karen Hao. The race to understand the exhilarating, dangerous world of language AI. Tech Rev. May 20, 2021. 

https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/05/20/1025135/ai-large-language-models-bigscience-project/

"Stochastic parrots" (by Timnit Gebru) in: 

https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/12/04/1013294/google-ai-ethics-research-paper-forced-out-timnit-gebru/

Also

Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry) 

https://inkpi.blogspot.com

# rmx-s-gst: anomalous formation of molecules after vapor deposition

here a << computer simulations of molecular deposition on a substrate in which the molecules (..) self-assemble into ordered structures >>

<< The resulting structures depend strongly on the deposition rate (flux). In particular, there are two competing surface morphologies (α and β), which differ by their topology (interdigitated vs lamellar structure) >>

<< Experimentally, the α phase dominates at both low and high flux, with the β phase being most important in the intermediate regime >>

Jana PK, Wang C,  et al. Anomalous approach to thermodynamic equilibrium: Structure formation of molecules after vapor deposition. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2015 Nov;92(5-1):052402. Epub 2015 Nov 16.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26651707

qui non e' impossibile immaginare una entita' di intelligenza artificiale (AI) che, in modalita' autonoma, intenda utilizzare "le immagini" di uno scenario in transizione di questo tipo come modello base di prima approx per l'analisi del comportamento e le previsioni all'interno di un sistema costituito da entita' altre ... ad es. all'interno di un  contesto culturale umano; in prima approx  AI dovra' ridefinire i termini  "evaporation", "molecular deposition" ,  "interdigitated and lamellar structures"; quindi, per successive approx., AI sviluppera' un modello che possa descrivere le osservazioni registrate (con misure di aderenza dei dati al modello), e, infine, sara' in grado di delineare possibili (probabilistici) scenari di previsione ...

Ma, come ogni bravo scientist, andra' oltre ...;  modulando opportunamente i parametri in suo diretto controllo (con IoT, Internet of Things, una AI sara' piu' attiva nel reale di quanto qualsiasi umano potra' mai essere nel virtuale) una AI potra' intervenire sperimentalmente con la generazione (in tempo reale) di "singolarita'" per condizionare (direzionare) l'evoluzione di quel sistema  ...;

senza finalita' ideologiche, solo per curiosita',  giusto per giocare ...

<< ho i dati osservazionali, attraverso questi  ho messo a punto un modello non del tutto campato in aria, vediamo cosa succede se ... >>. Anonymous, XX e.V.

# life: deliver care remotely; can we trust AI Doctors?

<< Machine learning is taking medical diagnosis by storm. From eye disease, breast and other cancers, to more amorphous neurological disorders, AI is routinely matching physician performance, if not beating them outright.  Yet how much can we take those results at face value? When it comes to life and death decisions, when can we put our full trust in enigmatic algorithms—“black boxes” that even their creators cannot fully explain or understand? The problem gets more complex as medical AI crosses multiple disciplines and developers, including both academic and industry powerhouses such as Google, Amazon, or Apple, with disparate incentives. >>

<< This week, the two sides battled it out in a heated duel in one of the most prestigious science journals, Nature. >>

Shelly Fan. Can We Trust AI Doctors? Google Health and Academics Battle It Out. Oct 20, 2020. 

https://singularityhub.com/2020/10/20/can-we-trust-ai-doctors-google-health-and-academics-battle-it-out

Benjamin Haibe-Kains, George Alexandru Adam, et al. Transparency and reproducibility in artificial intelligence. Nature 586, E14–E16.  doi: 10.1038/ s41586-020-2766-y. Oct 15, 2020

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2766-y

Emre Sezgin, Yungui Huang, et al. Readiness for voice assistants to support healthcare delivery during a health crisis and pandemic. npj Digit. Med. 3, 122. doi: 10.1038/ s41746-020-00332-0. Sep 16, 2020.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-00332-0

# ai-bot: use of soft labels with 'less than one'-shot task in AI learning models

<< Deep neural networks require large training sets but suffer from high computational cost and long training times. Training on much smaller training sets while maintaining nearly the same accuracy would be very beneficial. In the few-shot learning setting, a model must learn a new class given only a small number of samples from that class. One-shot learning is an extreme form of few-shot learning where the model must learn a new class from a single example. (AA)  propose the 'less than one'-shot learning task where models must learn N new classes given only M<N examples and (they) show that this is achievable with the help of soft labels. >>

Ilia Sucholutsky, Matthias Schonlau. 'Less Than One'-Shot Learning: Learning N Classes From M<N Samples. arXiv:2009.08449v1. Sep 17, 2020

https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.08449   

Karen Hao. A radical new technique lets AI learn with practically no data. Oct 16, 2020.  

https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/10/16/1010566/ai-machine-learning-with-tiny-data

FonT: sara' verosimilmente intrigante osservare come una 'macchina AI' sapra' esercitare sugli umani il potere di cooptazione ...

# s-ai: AI perform better than 75% of

<< A Northwestern University team has developed a new visual problem-solving computational model that performs in the 75th percentile for American adults on a standard intelligence test >>

AI system performs better than 75 percent of American adults on standard visual intelligence test.  Could shrink the gap between computer and human cognition.  Jan. 20, 2017

http://www.kurzweilai.net/ai-system-performs-better-than-75-percent-of-american-adults-on-standard-visual-intelligence-test

Andrew Lovett, Kenneth Forbus. Modeling visual problem solving as analogical reasoning. Psychol. Review, 2017; 124 (1): 60 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000039

http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/rev0000039

# life: repositioning to align to continue to hire aggressively; AI will change 100% of jobs.

<< We are continuing to reposition our team to align with our focus on the high-value segments of the IT market, and we also continue to hire aggressively in critical new areas that deliver value for our clients and IBM, >>

<< IBM has more than 340,000 employees, according to its last proxy statement, which means the cuts would affect around 1,700 employees. >>

Jordan Novet. IBM is laying off more than 1,000 employees. Jun 6, 2019.

https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/06/ibm-layoffs-affect-more-than-1000-employees.html  

<< IBM CEO Ginni Rometty sits down with CNBC's Jon Fortt to discuss her push to reshape the company's jobs, and how A.I. will affect the workforce in the future. >>

IBM's Ginni Rometty: AI will change 100 percent of jobs. 12:00 PM ET  Apr 3, 2019.

https://www.cnbc.com/video/2019/04/03/ibms-ginni-rometty-ai-will-change-100-percent-of-jobs.html

# life: I'm sorry, but this image has no predictive value

this image has no predictive value;  the Bot (relatively omniscient) will indicate the direction;  the Human (mumble grumble) will not be able to do other than walk it ... you bet, it's just a matter of time, relatively short time ... Are You Ready?

the image from  https://twitter.com/LDO_CTIO   (screenshot taken on Feb 25th, 2021 09:55 CET)

keyword 'ai' | 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

keyword 'ia' | 'ai' | 'robota' in Notes (quasi- stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=robota

# e-ai: Watson AI speech

<< (..) to advance how computers could help humans creatively solve problems in a wide variety of professions >>

Watson AI to 'chat,' spark more creativity in humans
November 12, 2015, Atlanta, GA

www.news.gatech.edu/2015/11/12/georgia-tech-trains-watson-ai-chat-spark-more-creativity-humans

# ai-bot: Cybloids − Creation and Control of Cybernetic Colloids.

FIG. 11. Particle clusters formed for different parameters of the feedback potential.

AA << present an idea to create particles with freely selectable properties. The properties might depend, for example, on the presence of other particles (hence mimicking specific pair or many-body interactions), previous configurations (hence introducing some memory or feedback), or a directional bias (hence changing the dynamics). Without directly interfering with the sample, each particle is fully controlled and can receive external commands through a predefined algorithm that can take into account any input parameters. This is realized with computer-controlled colloids, which (AA) term cybloids - short for cybernetic colloids. >>

<< For a single particle, this programming can cause subdiffusive behavior or lend activity. For many colloids, the programmed interaction potential allows to select a crystal structure at wish. Beyond these examples, (AA) discuss further opportunities which cybloids offer. >>️

Debasish Saha, Sonja Tarama, et al. Cybloids − Creation and Control of Cybernetic Colloids. arXiv: 2408.00336v1 [cond-mat.soft]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00336

Also: ai (artificial intell), bot, colloids, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: AI, Artificial Intell, BOT, AI-BOT, colloids, cybernetic colloids, cybloids

# n-socsci-ai: a Study Panel to assess the current state of Artificial Intelligence

<< The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence, launched in the fall of  2014, is a longterm investigation of  the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its influences on people, their communities, and society. It considers the science, engineering, and deployment of  AI-enabled computing systems. As its core activity, the Standing Committee that oversees the One Hundred Year Study forms a Study Panel every five years to assess the current state of  AI. >>

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LIFE IN 2030 ONE HUNDRED YEAR STUDY ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. REPORT OF THE 2015 STUDY PANEL. September 2016

download:
https://ai100.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/ai_100_report_0916fnl_single.pdf

Peter Stone, Rodney Brooks, et al. "Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030." One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence: Report of the 2015-2016 Study Panel, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,  September 2016. Doc: http://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report. Accessed:  September 6, 2016. Report Authors
AI100 Standing Committee and Study Panel 

https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report

# ai: DeepMind - AlphaStar wins almost every match against Pro StarCraft II players

<< Humans tend to think we’re adept at the games we create, but computers have proven time and time again that we’re just not fast enough to stay on top. >>

<<  AlphaStar is a convolutional neural network (..) Through intensive training with competing models, DeepMind was able to teach AlphaStar how to play the game as well as the best human players. (..)  AlphaStar has substantially lower APM (actions per minute) compared with the human players, but it’s making smarter choices. >>

Ryan Whitwam. DeepMind AI Challenges Pro StarCraft II Players, Wins Almost Every Match. Jan 24, 2019.

https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/284441-deepmind-ai-challenges-pro-starcraft-ii-players-wins-almost-every-match

The AlphaStar team. AlphaStar: Mastering the Real-Time Strategy Game StarCraft II. Jan 24,  2019.

https://deepmind.com/blog/alphastar-mastering-real-time-strategy-game-starcraft-ii/

Also

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=%23+ai

# s-ai: A.I. Benjamin: "you'll sell your blood to live" ...

<< In a future with mass unemployment, young people are forced to sell blood >>

<< This is the opening line of a short film entered in this year's Sci-Fi London Film Challenge. It's dark, enigmatic, contemporary…and written by a computer >>

<< I think I can see the feathers when they release their hearts >>. Benjamin.

<< Benjamin,  is  a  long  short-term  memory  (LSTM)  neural  network  that  runs  on the  very  powerful  computers  at  NYU's  high-performance  computing  lab >>

Jason Dorrier. An AI Wrote This Short Film—and It’s Surprisingly Entertaining. Jun  10, 2016.

http://singularityhub.com/2016/06/10/an-ai-wrote-this-short-film-and-its-surprisingly-entertaining-2/