# gst: apropos of transitions, reversing order-disorder of Janus nano particles confined in two dimensions

<< Janus particles with different patch sizes, confined to two dimensions, generate a series of patterns of interest to the field of nanoscience >>

AA << observe reverse melting, where for some densities the system melts under cooling. For a broad range of hydrophobic patch sizes (..), a reentrant transition from solid to liquid and then to an ordered phase emerges as temperature (T) decreases due to the formation of rhombus chains at low T.  This reentrant phase has pseudo long-range orientational order but short-range translational order, >>

The << work provides guidelines to study the melting and assembly of Janus particles in two dimensions, as well as mechanisms to generate phases with specific symmetry. >>️️

️

Yihao Liang, Boran Ma, Monica Olvera de la Cruz. Reverse order-disorder transition of Janus particles confined in two dimensions. Phys. Rev. E 103, 062607. Jun 9, 2021.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.103.062607

Also

keyword 'nano' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=nano

keyword 'nano' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=nano

# evol: Megalopta genalis, the bee that flies in the dark with dorsal landmark navigation

<< People -- who get lost easily in the extraordinary darkness of a tropical forest -- have much to learn from a bee that can find its way home in conditions 10 times dimmer than starlight. >>

AA << reveal that sweat bees (Megalopta genalis), find their way home based on patterns in the canopy overhead using dorsal vision. >>️️

<< For a human observer, the most obvious visual cues in the forest at night are gaps in the canopy when we look straight up because the sky is much brighter than the forest below, (..) We see a quite complex pattern of criss-crossing branches, but the bees'-eye-view is much less complex. They see broad blobs of light that vary in shape and position. We knew that ants could use canopy patterns to navigate as they walk through the forest, and we wondered if maybe bees were doing the same thing. >> Eric Warrant.

Dorsal navigation found in a flying insect. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Jun 17, 2021. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210617101221.htm

Sandra Chaib, Marie Dacke, et al. 

Dorsal Landmark Navigation in a Neotropical Nocturnal Bee.  doi: 10.2139/ ssrn.3805162. Mar 15, 2021.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3805162

#life: reliability, deception and lies of a signal (among the Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus)

<< Deception and lies are surprising aspects of human communication and the use of language in which false information is intentionally communicated to others, allowing an individual to gain an advantage over the recipient of such false information. However, language is actually highly pro-social and cooperative and is mainly used to share reliable information. >>️

<< a number of species are able to deceive their conspecifics, including some species of primates and birds like the Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus). Siberian jays live in territorial groups and have an elaborate communication system: A wide range of calls allow them to warn each other of the presence of different predators as well as the behaviour of their fiercest enemy, the hawk. >>

<< Occasionally, however, neighbours intruding into a group's territory use the same calls that would otherwise indicate the presence of a perched hawk for a different purpose. Their aim is to deceive the members of the group about the presence of the predator, thus scaring them away to get access to their food.  >>

<< It is a commonly observed phenomenon in the animal kingdom that warning calls are used to deceive others. Clearly, the recipients of the false information potentially pay a high price if they ignore the warning, >>  Filipe Cunha. 

<< Siberian jays thus have a simple rule to avoid being tricked: They only trust the warning calls from members of their own group, meaning cooperation partners. Familiarity alone is not enough, otherwise the birds would also have trusted the calls of their neighbours, >> Michael Griesser. ️

Daniel Schmidtke. Trust among corvids. University of Konstanz. Jun 1, 2021. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210601135719.htm

Filipe C. R. Cunha, Michael Griesser. Who do you trust? Wild birds use social knowledge to avoid being deceived. Science Advances. Vol. 7, no. 22, eaba2862. doi: 10.1126/ sciadv.aba2862. May 28, 2021. 

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/22/eaba2862    

Also

2068 - chaotic probabilities. 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2006/10/2068-chaotic-probabilities.html

keyword "fake" in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=fake

# ai.bot: from stochastic parrot to quasi-stochastic speaking (mimetic) entity, the next steps of LLMs AI phrasing algorithms ... Are you ready?

<< Soon enough, all of our digital interactions—when we email, search, or post on social media—will be filtered through LLMs. (i.e. large language model (LLM)—a deep-learning algorithm trained on enormous amounts of text data) >>️

 << it’s the gap between what LLMs are and what they aspire to be that has concerned a growing number of researchers. LLMs are effectively the world’s most powerful autocomplete technologies. By ingesting millions of sentences, paragraphs, and even samples of dialogue, they learn the statistical patterns that govern how each of these elements should be assembled in a sensible order. This means LLMs can enhance certain activities: for example, they are good for creating more interactive and conversationally fluid chatbots that follow a well-established script. But they do not actually understand what they’re reading or saying. >>

<< We can’t really stop this craziness around large language models, where everybody wants to train them, (..) But what we can do is try to nudge this in a direction that is in the end more beneficial. >> Thomas Wolf.️

<< "Language technology can be very, very useful when it is appropriately scoped and situated and framed," (Emily Bender) (..) But the general-purpose nature of LLMs—and the persuasiveness of their mimicry—entices companies to use them in areas they aren’t necessarily equipped for. >> ️

Karen Hao. The race to understand the exhilarating, dangerous world of language AI. Tech Rev. May 20, 2021. 

https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/05/20/1025135/ai-large-language-models-bigscience-project/

"Stochastic parrots" (by Timnit Gebru) in: 

https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/12/04/1013294/google-ai-ethics-research-paper-forced-out-timnit-gebru/

Also

Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry) 

https://inkpi.blogspot.com

# life: apropos of transitions (in visual perceptions), 'when the reasoning mind melts away, only shapes remain'.

<< Those who drink the hallucinogenic ayahuasca report seeing two-dimensional patterns or throbbing, three-dimensional hexahedral cells. When the reasoning mind melts away, only shapes remain. >>

<< Geometry gives us a world unclad. "Euclid alone has looked on Beauty bare," wrote Edna St. Vincent Millay. That feeling of mystical revelation — of a shimmering, underlying order that we can apprehend if we purify our perception — might explain the mutual affinity between poets and geometers.  (..) Many of the mathematicians cited in Ellenberg’s book (Jordan Ellenberg,  'Shape' ) wrote verse. >>

<< “I prove a theorem,” the poet Rita Dove wrote, “and the house expands.” >>️

️

Parul Sehgal. ‘Shape’ Makes Geometry Entertaining. Really, It Does. NYT. May 20, 2021.

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/18/books/review-shape-geometry-jordan-ellenberg.html

Jordan Ellenberg. Shape. The Hidden Geometry of Information, Biology, Strategy, Democracy, and Everything Else. 463 pages. Penguin Press.

https://www.nytimes.com/column/books-of-the-times

Also

keyword 'ayahuasca'  | 'magic string' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ayahuasca

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=magic+string

keyword 'transition' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=transition

keyword 'transition' | 'transizion*' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transition

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizione

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizioni

# acad: oops! published papers in top psychology, economics, and science journals that fail to replicate are cited more than those that replicate.

<< Papers in leading psychology, economic and science journals that fail to replicate and therefore are less likely to be true are often the most cited papers in academic research, >>

The study << explores the ongoing "replication crisis" in which researchers have discovered that many findings in the fields of social sciences and medicine don't hold up when other researchers try to repeat the experiments. The paper reveals that findings from studies that cannot be verified when the experiments are repeated have a bigger influence over time. The unreliable research tends to be cited as if the results were true long after the publication failed to replicate. >>

<< We also know that experts can predict well which papers will be replicated, (..) Given this prediction, we ask 'why are non-replicable papers accepted for publication in the first place?' >> Marta Serra-Garcia.

<< Their possible answer is that review teams of academic journals face a trade-off. When the results are more "interesting," they apply lower standards regarding their reproducibility. >>

<< Interesting or appealing findings are also covered more by media or shared on platforms like Twitter, generating a lot of attention, but that does not make them true, >> Uri Gneezy.️

A new replication crisis: Research that is less likely to be true is cited more. 

University of California - San Diego. May 21, 2021. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-05-replication-crisis-true-cited.html 

<< Only 12% of postreplication citations of nonreplicable findings acknowledge the replication failure. >>

️

Marta Serra-Garcia, Uri Gneezy. Nonreplicable publications are cited more than replicable ones. Science Advances. Vol. 7, no. 21, eabd1705

doi: 10.1126/ sciadv.abd1705. May 21,  2021.

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/21/eabd1705 

Also

keyword 'oops' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=oops

# brain: a broad range of decision-making abilities, the 'decision acuity'

<< A common factor called "decision acuity" underpins diverse decision-making abilities in adolescents and young adults, (..) is stable over time, distinct from IQ, and reduced in individuals with low general social functioning. >>️

<< decision acuity predicted patterns of correlated activity among opercular cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and somatosensory and motor areas -- brain regions previously linked to decision-making.  >>️

Independent of IQ, 'decision acuity' predicts broad range of decision-making abilities. Cell Press. May 20, 2021.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/05/210520133924.htm

<< Decision acuity was decreased in those with aberrant thinking and low general social functioning. Crucially, decision acuity and IQ had dissociable brain signatures, in terms of their associated neural networks of resting-state functional connectivity. >>

Michael Moutoussis, Benjamín Garzón, et al. Decision-making ability,  psychopathology, and brain connectivity. Neuron. doi: 10.1016/ j.neuron.2021.04.019. May 20, 2021.

️

https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(21)00285-3

Also

keyword 'decision-making' in PubMed:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=decision-making