# gst: collapse of a toroidal bubble inducing shock waves

<< When bubbles collapse near a wall, they typically experience an asymmetric deformation. This collapse leads to the creation of a jet that strikes the bubble interface, causing the formation of a toroidal bubble and the subsequent release of a water-hammer shock. >>️

AA << findings demonstrate that shock waves emitted from the toroidal bubble consistently propagate toward the central axis of the torus, resulting in significant pressure shocks along the axis, similar to the water-hammer shock formed during the collapse of a spherical bubble. >>️

<< In contrast, weak pressure waves are generated in the transverse directions, leading to relatively weaker pressure peaks. Furthermore, the wall-pressure peak induced by the toroidal bubble is approximately three times higher than that induced by the spherical bubble. >>️

Cheng Liu, Xiaobin Yang, et al. Investigations on the shock wave induced by collapse of a toroidal bubble. Phys. Rev. E 110, 015103. Jul 16, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.015103

Also: bubble, drop, waves, collapse, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bubble, drop, waves, collapse

# gst: Resonancelike emergence of chaos in complex networks of damped-driven nonlinear systems.

AA << solve a critical outstanding problem in this multidisciplinary research field: the emergence and persistence of spatiotemporal chaos in complex networks of damped-driven nonlinear oscillators in the significant weak-coupling regime, while they exhibit regular behavior when uncoupled. >>

They << uncover and characterize the basic physical mechanisms concerning both heterogeneity-induced and impulse-induced emergence, enhancement, and suppression of chaos in starlike and scale-free networks of periodically driven, dissipative nonlinear oscillators. >>️

Ricardo Chacon, Pedro J. Martínez. Resonancelike emergence of chaos in complex networks of damped-driven nonlinear systems. Phys. Rev. E 110, 014209. Jul 19, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.014209

Also: network, chaos, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, network, resonance, chaos

# gst: steady, whirling, planar beating, and writhing transitions for active filaments.

FIG. 2. Images showing the steady, whirling, planar beating, and writhing states for active filaments

<< Biofilament-motor protein complexes are ubiquitous in biology and drive the transport of cargo vital for many fundamental life processes at the cellular level. As they move, motor proteins exert compressive forces on the filaments to which they are attached. If the filament is clamped or tethered in some way, this force leads to buckling and a subsequent range of dynamics. >>️

<< The transition between whirling and beating has not yet been explored, and a characterization of the complex writhing behavior observed at higher forcing has not been performed. Furthermore, previous studies have focused on how the whirling, beating, or writhing vary with the follower force, leaving the dependence of the emergent state on the filament aspect ratio, a key parameter related to the balance of the viscous and elastic forces, largely unexplored. >>

AA << utilize techniques from computational dynamical systems to determine and characterize these bifurcations. (They) track emerging time-periodic branches and identify quasiperiodic states (..) investigate the effect of filament slenderness on the bifurcations and, in doing so, present a comprehensive overview of the dynamics which emerge in the follower force model. >>

️

Bethany Clarke, Yongyun Hwang, Eric E. Keaveny. Bifurcations and nonlinear dynamics of the follower force model for active filaments. Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 073101. Jul 15, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.073101

Also: transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bifurcation, transition, active filaments, microtubules, steady, whirling, planar beating, writhing

# ai-bot: hypothesis of the emergence of a conscious AI model in short-term.

<< GPT-4 is often heralded as a leading commercial AI offering, sparking debates over its potential as a steppingstone toward artificial general intelligence. But does it possess consciousness? >>

AA paper << investigates this key question using the nine qualitative measurements of the Building Blocks theory. GPT-4's design, architecture and implementation are compared to each of the building blocks of consciousness to determine whether it has achieved the requisite milestones to be classified as conscious or, if not, how close to consciousness GPT-4 is. >>

AA << assessment is that, while GPT-4 in its native configuration is not currently conscious, current technological research and development is sufficient to modify GPT-4 to have all the building blocks of consciousness. Consequently, (AA) argue that the emergence of a conscious AI model is plausible in the near term. >>️

Izak Tait, Joshua Bensemann, Ziqi Wang. Is GPT-4 conscious? arXiv: 2407.09517v1 [cs.AI]. Jun 19, 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.09517

Also: ai (artificial intell) in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: ai, artificial intelligence, gpt-4, consciousness

# gst: tracking four-way coupled particles in turbulence

<< In many natural and industrial applications, turbulent flows encompass some form of dispersed particles. Although this type of multiphase turbulent flow is omnipresent, its numerical modeling has proven to be a remarkably challenging problem. >>

AA << present an efficient method for point-based simulation of particles in turbulence that are four-way coupled. In contrast with traditional one-way coupled simulations, where only the effect of the fluid phase on the particle phase is modeled, this method additionally captures the back-reaction of the particle phase on the fluid phase, as well as the interactions between particles themselves. >>

AA << focus on the most challenging case of very light particles or bubbles, which show strong clustering in the high-vorticity regions of the fluid. >>

️

Xander M. de Wit, Rudie P. J. Kunnen, et al. Efficient point-based simulation of four-way coupled particles in turbulence at high number density. Phys. Rev. E 110, 015301. Jul 1, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.015301  

Also: particle, bubble, turbulence, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, particles, bubbles, turbulence

# ethno: apropos of Nomads, an Aboriginal ritual passed down for 500 generations.

AA << excavated at Cloggs Cave near Buchan, in the foothills of the high country near the Snowy River in East Gippsland, Victoria. >>️

<< What (AA) found was extraordinary. Under the low, subdued light in the depth of the cave, buried under layers of ash and silt, two unusual fireplaces were revealed by the tip of the trowel. They each contained a single trimmed stick associated with a tiny patch of ash. >>️

<< The role of these fireplaces in ritual

Local 19th-century ethnography has good descriptions of such fireplaces, so (AA) know they were made for ritual practices performed by mulla-mullung, powerful GunaiKurnai medicine men and women. >>️

<< The Kurnai practice is to fasten the article [something that belonged to the victim] to the end of a throwing stick, together with some eaglehawk feathers, and some human or kangaroo fat. The throwing stick is then stuck slanting in the ground before a fire, and it is of course placed in such a position that by-and-by it falls down. The wizard has during this time been singing his charm; as it is usually expressed, he ‘sings the man’s name,’ and when the stick falls the charm is complete. The practice still exists. >>️

<< Nowhere else on Earth have archaeological expressions of a very specific cultural practice known from ethnography, yet traceable so far back, previously been found. >>️

Russell Mullett, Ashleigh Rogers, et al. Oldest living culture: our new research shows an Indigenous ritual passed down for 500 generations. theconversation.com. Jul 1, 2024. 

https://theconversation.com/oldest-living-culture-our-new-research-shows-an-indigenous-ritual-passed-down-for-500-generations-230782

Bruno David, Russell Mullett, et al. 

Archaeological evidence of an ethnographically documented Australian Aboriginal ritual dated to the last ice age. Nat Hum Behav. doi: 10.1038/ s41562-024-01912-w. Jul 1,  2024. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01912-w

Also: ethno, Nomads, gris-gris, behav, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: ethno, Nomads, gris-gris, behaviors

FonT: the image cited regarding mulla-mullung entities is very intriguing ... 

# gst: curiosity-driven search for novel behaviors.

<< One of the first exciting things to do with a new physical system is to go exploring—to tune parameters and see what unexpected behaviors the system is capable of. >>️

AA << combine active and unsupervised learning for automated exploration of nonequilibrium systems with unknown order parameters. (They) iteratively use active learning based on current order parameters to expand the library of behaviors and relearn order parameters based on this expanded library. (They) demonstrate the utility of this approach in Kuramoto models of increasing complexity. In addition to reproducing known phases, (AA) reveal previously unknown behavior and related order parameters, and demonstrate how to align search with human intuition. >>️

Martin J. Falk, Finnegan D. Roach, et al. Curiosity-driven search for novel nonequilibrium behaviors. Phys. Rev. Research 6, 033052. Jul 11, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033052  

Also: curiosity, behav, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, curiosity, behav, transition