# brain: brain images of silence

<< When imagining music, the musicians' brain activity had the opposite electrical polarity to when they listened to it -- indicating different brain activations -- but the same type of activity as for imagery occurred in silent moments of the songs when people would have expected a note but there wasn't one. >>

<< There is no sensory input during silence and imagined music, so the neural activity we discovered is coming purely from the brain's predictions e.g., the brain's internal model of music. Even though the silent time-intervals do not have an input sound, we found consistent patterns of neural activity in those intervals, indicating that the brain reacts to both notes and silences of music. Ultimately, this underlines that music is more than a sensory experience for the brain as it engages the brain in a continuous attempt of predicting upcoming musical events. Our study has isolated the neural activity produced by that prediction process. And our results suggest that such prediction processes are at the foundation of both music listening and imagery. >> Giovanni Di Liberto. 

The music of silence: Imagining a song triggers similar brain activity to moments of mid-music silence. Trinity College Dublin. Aug 3, 2021. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210803105600.htm

Guilhem Marion, Giovanni M. Di Liberto,  Shihab A. Shamma. The Music of Silence. Part I: Responses to Musical Imagery Encode Melodic Expectations and Acoustics. Journal of Neuroscience  JN-RM-0183-21. doi: 10.1523/ JNEUROSCI.0183-21.2021. 2 Aug 2, 2021.

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2021/07/23/JNEUROSCI.0183-21.2021.

Giovanni M. Di Liberto, Guilhem Marion,  Shihab A. Shamma. The music of silence. Part II: Music Listening Induces Imagery Responses. Journal of Neuroscience JN-RM-0184-21. doi: 10.1523/ JNEUROSCI.0184-21.2021. 

Aug 2, 2021.

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2021/07/22/JNEUROSCI.0184-21.2021

Also

2123 - le dislocazioni pausali di Theo. 

(quasi-stochastic poetry). Notes. Feb 26, 2007.

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2007/02/2123-le-dislocazioni-pausali-di-theo.html

A pause (acyclic pauses?)  approach to enhance and manage creativity. Mar 23, 2019.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2019/03/brain-pause-acyclic-pauses-approach-to.html

We pronounce words more slowly compared with verbs and sometimes pause. May 20, 2018.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2018/05/lang-we-pronounce-words-more-slowly.html

# gst: an approach to information content in the music of J. S. Bach

<< Music has a complex structure that expresses emotion and conveys information. Humans process that information through imperfect cognitive instruments that produce a gestalt, smeared version of reality. What is the information that humans see? And how does their perception relate to (and differ from) reality? To address these questions quantitatively, (AA) analyze J. S. Bach's music through the lens of network science and information theory. >>

They << find that Bach's music is structured for efficient communication; that is, it communicates large amounts of information while maintaining small deviations of the inferred network from reality. >>

They << probe the network structures that enable this rapid and efficient communication of information -- namely, high heterogeneity and strong clustering. (..) More generally, (they) gain insight into features that make networks of information effective for communication. >>

Suman Kulkarni, Sophia U. David, et al. Information content of note transitions in the music of J. S. Bach. arXiv: 2301.00783v1 [physics.soc-ph]. Jan 2, 2023. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.00783

Also

keyword 'music' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=music

keyword 'jazz' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

keyword 'jazz' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

Keywords: gst, music, jazz, information theory, note transitions, Bach

# ethno: cross-cultural comparison of rhythm priors in 15 countries.

<< Music is present in every known society but varies from place to place. What, if anything, is universal to music cognition? (AA) measured a signature of mental representations of rhythm in 39 participant groups in 15 countries, spanning urban societies and Indigenous populations. >>️

Their << results suggest a common feature of music cognition: discrete rhythm ‘categories’ at small-integer ratios. These discrete representations plausibly stabilize musical systems in the face of cultural transmission but interact with culture-specific traditions to yield the diversity that is evident when mental representations are probed across many cultures. >>️

Nori Jacoby, Rainer Polak, et al. Commonality and variation in mental representations of music revealed by a cross-cultural comparison of rhythm priors in 15 countries. Nat Hum Behav.  doi: 10.1038/ s41562-023-01800-9. March 4, 2024. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01800-9 

Also: ethno, music, jazz, behav, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: ethno, music, jazz, behavior

# s-gene: about music-related creative behaviours

<< This study gives preliminary evidence for the molecular genetic background of creative activities in music >>

<< There is evidence that human music perception and practice share a common genetic background with the vocalization of songbirds >>

<< Pathway analysis of the genes suggestively associated with composing suggested an overrepresentation of the cerebellar long-term depression pathway (LTD), which is a cellular model for synaptic plasticity >>

AA << also propose a common genetic background for music-related creative behaviour and musical abilities at chromosome 4 >>

Oikkonen J., Kuusi T. et al. Creative Activities in Music - A Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 24;11(2):e0148679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148679. eCollection 2016.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26909693

more:

long-term depression pathway (LTD)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=long-term+depression+(LTD)

# brain: exploring a cold-blooded reptile using functional MRI: crocodiles listen to classical music

AA << exposed the animals to various visual and auditory stimuli, including classical music by Johann Sebastian Bach. At the same time, they measured the animals' brain activity. The results have shown that additional brain areas are activated during exposure to complex stimuli such as classical music - as opposed to exposure to simple sounds. The processing patterns strongly resemble the patterns identified in mammals and birds in similar studies >>

Ruhr-Universitaet-Bochum. Crocodiles listen to classical music in MRI scanner. May 3, 2018

https://m.phys.org/news/2018-05-crocodiles-classical-music-mri-scanner.html

Mehdi Behroozi, Brendon K. Billings, et al. Functional MRI in the Nile crocodile: a new avenue for evolutionary neurobiology. Proc Royal Soc B Biol Sci. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0178. Apr 25, 2018.

http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1877/20180178.article-info

# jazz: a 'Trombiverse' approach, 'hear Beethoven like you've never heard it before'

<< Trombone Champ is the world's first trombone-based rhythm music game. Unlike most music games, you can freely play any note at any time. You're not just following along with the music, you're actually playing the music! >>️

Holy Wow. Trombone Champ. Sep 15, 2022. 

https://store.steampowered.com/app/1059990/Trombone_Champ

https://twitter.com/pcgamer/status/1572372646012260353

Christopher Livingston. The world's first trombone rhythm game is instantly a GOTY contender. Sep21, 2022.

https://www.pcgamer.com/the-worlds-first-trombone-rhythm-game-is-instantly-a-goty-contender

cit. @RhiannonJudithW. The Download. MIT. Sep 22, 2022.

https://mailchi.mp/technologyreview.com/1ys7rzr55b

FonT

a working hypothesis: anyone could summarize, filtering life-data through an artificial intelligence, the salient episodes of one's own existence through an approach of this type ... 

Also

'jazz' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

'jazz' | 'jazzy' | 'funky' |  in FonT (twitter)

https://twitter.com/flashontrack

'jazz' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

'ai' | 'bot' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bot

'ia' | 'ai' | 'robota' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ia

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=ai

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=robota

Keywords: jazz, life, music, trombone,  games, ai, artificial intelligence

# gst: self-assembly of chemistry with music

<< audible sound can control chemical reactions in solution by continuously supplying energy sources into the interface between air and the solution.  The sound-controlled air-liquid chemical interactions 'painted' intriguing and aesthetic patterns on the surface and bulk of the solution.>>

<< The Pied Piper of Hamelin tells the mythological story of a pied piper who lured rats away from the city of Hamelin by enchanting them with the music from his magical pipe. With music working like a fuel for such artistic control in chemistry, our study has shown that even synthetic molecules can exhibit life-like behavior—listening and following a musical track, >> Rahul Dev Mukhopadhyay. 

Seeing chemical reactions with music. Institute for Basic Science. Aug 10, 2020.

https://phys.org/news/2020-08-chemical-reactions-music.html

<< the patterns obtained from artificially designed out-of-equilibrium chemical oscillating networks (such as the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction for example) are unpredictable and difficult to control spatiotemporally, albeit reproducible over subsequent cycles. Here, (AA) show that it is possible to generate reproducible spatiotemporal patterns in out-of-equilibrium chemical reactions and self-assembling systems in water in the presence of sound waves, which act as a guiding physical stimulus. >>

Hwang, I., Mukhopadhyay, R.D., Dhasaiyan, P. et al. Audible sound-controlled spatiotemporal patterns in out-of-equilibrium systems. Nat. Chem. 12, 808–813 (2020). doi: 10.1038/ s41557-020-0516-2. Aug 10, 2020.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-020-0516-2    

# jazz: Zakir Hussain (tabla), Niladri Kumar (sitar). Krannert Center for the Performing Arts, Urbana, IL, USA. Nov 16, 2022.

<< Classical Indian music and jazz have much in common, Hussain (Zakir Hussain) said. Classical Indian music “encourages spontaneity and onstage twists. You try to tell the age-old story with a new twist, with a new drama, a new exclamation mark,” (..) “Jazz allows you the ability to interact as an individual, taking a piece of music and creating your vision of it. You’re training to be spontaneously creative. Indian music is the same way. That’s why you see so many Indian musicians collaborating with so many jazz musicians from all over the world,” Hussain said. His father (Ustad Alla Rakha) recorded one of the first fusion records with Indian and jazz drummers. >>️

Jodi Heckel. Tabla virtuoso Zakir Hussain, renowned sitar player Niladri Kumar performing at Krannert Center. Univ of Illinois. Nov 10, 2022. 

https://blogs.illinois.edu/view/6367/788544307

ZAKIR HUSSAIN, TABLA AND NILADRI KUMAR, SITAR. 

https://krannertcenter.com/events/zakir-hussain-tabla-and-niladri-kumar-sitar

Also 

Zakir Hussain & Niladri Kumar

https://youtu.be/zVYZ0sdnPE8

John Mclaughlin, U Srinivas, Zakir Hussain, V Selvaganesh, Mahadevan - Jazz a Vienne. The 5 Peace band - John McLaughlin (guitar), U Srinivas (Mandolin), Zakir Hussain (Tabla), V Selvaganesh (Ghatam), S Mahadevan (Vocals) perform live in Vienna. Note: This is the remember shakti lineup + S Mahadevan. The songs they play are: Caruna, Ma No Pa, Sakhi, and Giriras Sudha. May 3, 2012. 

https://youtu.be/VA7Mzo73cd4

Also

keyword 'jazz' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

keyword 'jazz' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

keywords  '#jazz' | '#jazzy' in  @flashontrack  

https://twitter.com/flashontrack

Keywords: jazz, jazz fusion, indian music, sitar, tabla

# art-music: music street artists

<< StreetMusicMap is a collab line up of street music performers from all over the world. >>

http://www.streetmusicmap.com

<< "Le strade sono un luogo perfetto per le esibizioni musicali, ma nella fretta dei ritmi quotidiani spesso incrociamo artisti bravissimi senza neppure notarli. Perciò è importante fare risuonare le loro note, dalle vie di tutto il mondo alla rete online". >>   Daniel Bacchieri

http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2015/12/04/street-music-map-musicisti-strada_n_8717382.html

un video: https://www.instagram.com/p/5SKOYLjiUi/

https://open.spotify.com/user/streetmusicmap

https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/streetmusicmap

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCW03iJ8f8b02ImIqi6QFo9Q

# music: harmonic resonances from moons and rings of Saturn

<< Wherever there is resonance there is music, and no other place in the solar system is more packed with resonances than Saturn >>. Matt Russo

<< Saturn's magnificent rings act like a sounding board that launches waves at locations that harmonize with the planet's many moons, and some pairs of moons are themselves locked in resonances >>. Dan Tamayo

Astrophysicists convert moons and rings of Saturn into music. Aug 30, 2017

https://m.phys.org/news/2017-08-astrophysicists-moons-saturn-music.html

# zen: effects of meditation and music on cellular aging and Alzheimer's disease

<< Telomere length (TL), telomerase activity (TA), and plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels have emerged as possible predictors of cognitive decline and dementia. >>

<< Practice of simple mind-body therapies may alter plasma Aβ levels, TL, and TA. Biomarker increases were associated with improvements in cognitive function, sleep, mood, and QOL (quality of life), suggesting potential functional relationships. >>

Innes Kim, Selfe Terry Kita, et al. Effects of Meditation and Music-Listening on Blood Biomarkers of Cellular Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease in Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: An Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. Oct 11, 2018. doi: 10.3233/JAD-180164.

https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad180164

Meditation and music may alter blood markers of cellular aging and Alzheimer's disease. IOS Press. Nov 13, 2018.

https://m.medicalxpress.com/news/2018-11-meditation-music-blood-markers-cellular.html

# s-brain: distinct cortical pathways for music and speech

<< for the first time, MIT neuroscientists have identified a neural population in the human auditory cortex that responds selectively to sounds that people typically categorize as music, but not to speech or other environmental sounds >>

http://bioengineer.org/music-in-the-brain/

Sam Norman-Haignere, Nancy G. Kanwisher, Josh H. McDermott. Distinct Cortical Pathways for Music and Speech Revealed by Hypothesis-Free Voxel Decomposition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.035 |

http://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(15)01071-5

# e-art: technoshamanism and more ... the future in music, technology, and art

<< Pollinator Synthesizer. The Pollinator Synthesizer is a generative soundscape, reacting in real time to the bees inside the Burt's Bees Observation Hive. Microphones and optical sensors detect bees moving in and out. Capacitive sensors detect presence and movement of the bees. Temperature and humidity sensors track subtle variations in the hive near the queen. All that data is interpreted into a droning ambient beefinspired soundscape. Talent: Ranjit Bhatnagar >>

https://moogfest.sched.org/mobile/

<< By day, Moogfest unfolds in venues throughout downtown Durham in spaces that range from intimate galleries and experimental art installations to grand theaters as a platform for geeky exploration and experimentation in sessions and workshops, featuring more than 250 innovators in music, art, and technology, including avant-garde pioneers such as cyborg Neil Harbisson, technoshaman paleo-ecologist/multimedia performer Michael Garfield on “Technoshamanism: A Very Psychedelic Century,”  ... >>

Moogfest  2016:  the  synthesis  of  future  music,  technology,  and  art. Themes:  Afrofuturism,  Art  and  Artificial  Intelligence,  Hacking  Sound  (Systems),  Instrument Innovators,  Radio  &  the  Radiophonic,  Technoshamanism,  Transhumanism. May  13,  2016

http://www.kurzweilai.net/moogfest-2016-the-synthesis-of-future-music-technology-and-art

# behav: the sophisticated dance of the sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita eleonora)

<< Spontaneous movement to music occurs in every human culture and is a foundation of dance. This response to music is absent in most species (including monkeys), yet it occurs in parrots, perhaps because they (like humans, and unlike monkeys) are vocal learners whose brains contain strong auditory–motor connections, conferring sophisticated audiomotor processing abilities. >>

AA << report that a sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita eleonora) responds to music with remarkably diverse spontaneous movements employing a variety of body parts, and suggest why parrots share this response with humans.  >>

R. Joanne Jao Keehn, John R. Iversen, et al. Spontaneity and diversity of movement to music are not uniquely human. Current Biology. Volume 29, Issue 13, PR621-R622. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.035. Jul 08, 2019.   https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)30604-9  

Ed Yong. Not a Human, but a Dancer. What Snowball the parrot’s spontaneous moves teach us about ourselves. Jul 8, 2019   https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/07/what-snowball-dancing-parrot-tells-us-about-dance/593428/   

Also

"Dance", in "Notes"

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=dance

"Dance", in "FonT"

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=dance

# s-brain: the sense of rhythm

<< the  sense  of  rhythm  –  also  known  as  the  beat  –  is  so  fundamental to  humans  that  we  recognise  patterns  in  music  even  without  paying  any  attention  or receiving  any  training >>

F.L.  Bouwer. What  Do  We  Need  to  Hear  a  Beat?  The  Influence  of  Attention,  Musical  Abilities,  and Accents  on  the  Perception  of  Metrical  Rhythm.  (Thesis). Wednesday,  8  June  at  11:00. University  of  Amsterdam,   Wednesday  8  June, Aula,  Singel  411, Amsterdam.

http://www.uva.nl/en/news-events/news/uva-news/content/press-releases/2016/05/brain-picks-up-the-beat-of-music-automatically.html

Brain picks up the beat of music automatically. ScienceDaily, May 26, 2016

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/05/160526125017.htm

# lang: hierarchical temporal structures in speech, song and music

<< Jazz musicians riffing with each other, humans talking to each other and pods of killer whales all have interactive conversations that are remarkably similar to each other, new research reveals >>

Human speech, jazz and whale song. Oct 13, 2017

https://m.phys.org/news/2017-10-human-speech-jazz-whale-song.html

AA << developed a new method to measure and compare hierarchical temporal structures in speech, song and music >>

Christopher T. Kello, Simone Dalla Bella, et al. Hierarchical temporal structure in music, speech and animal vocalizations: jazz is like a conversation, humpbacks sing like hermit thrushes. J Royal Soc Interface. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0231 Oct 11, 2017

http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/14/135/20170231

# music: masters of noise, Frank Zappa plays bicycles

Frank Zappa teaches Steve Allen to play The Bicycle (aired March 3, 1963).

https://youtu.be/QF0PYQ8IOL4

<< This televisual gem inspired me follow along which got me into endless trouble at family picnics and barbecues for playing my own symphonic masterpieces which, for some strange reason, nobody else seemed to enjoy. I extended Frank's genius to my exploration of the vacuum cleaner, ping pong balls and paddles, (..)  The next time you're out in a forest I challenge you to explore the musical nature of nature for yourself. Trees make great drums and often ring with higher tones - not to mention the musical benefits of rocks and stones. >>️️

That Hairy Canadian. Jun 21, 2014. 

https://m.youtube.com/@ThatHairyCanadian

Also: music, jazz, noise, error, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: music, jazz, noise, error

# s-gst-music: basic structural patterns

<< Lévy motion model captures basic structural patterns in classical as well as in folk music >>

http://m.phys.org/news/2016-01-musical-melodies-laws-foraging-animals.html

Gunnar A. Niklasson and Maria H. Niklasson. Non-Gaussian distributions of melodic intervals in music: The Lévy-stable approximation. EPLA, 2015, EPL (Europhysics Letters), Volume 112, Number 4. dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/112/40003

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/112/40003

# life: non-human jazz from vibrant cobweb strings performed by a harp-like instrument

<< The spider lives in an environment of vibrating strings, (..) They don't see very well, so they sense their world through vibrations, which have different frequencies. (..) Such vibrations occur, for example, when the spider stretches a silk strand during construction, or when the wind or a trapped fly moves the web. (..) Webs could be a new source for musical inspiration that is very different from the usual human experience, >>️ Markus Buehler️

AA << scanned a natural spider web with a laser to capture 2D cross-sections and then used computer algorithms to reconstruct the web's 3D network. The team assigned different frequencies of sound to strands of the web, creating "notes" that they combined in patterns based on the web's 3D structure to generate melodies. The researchers then created a harp-like instrument and played the spider web music in several live performances around the world. >>️

Making music from spider webs. ACS - Am Chem Soc. Apr 12, 2021

https://phys.org/news/2021-04-music-spider-webs.html

Isabelle Su, Zhao Qin, et al. Imaging and analysis of a three-dimensional spider web architecture. J R Soc Interface. 15(146): 20180193. doi: 10.1098/ rsif.2018.0193. Sep 19, 2018. 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30232240/

# gst: immediate 'shot', the three second time window in art, music, poems and language processing

<< Is there a universal time constant for poetic lines when people read them aloud or recite them by heart? Turner and Pöppel (1988) collected over 20 types of poetry, varying from East to West and from modern societies to indigenous cultures, and found a constant of ~3 s for the duration of poetic lines. >>️

<< This observation indicates a production– perception synchrony of ~3 s, which means that we not only tend to recite poems  (and speech in a more general sense; discussed later) with a 3-s pattern but also appreciate poems aesthetically within the same temporal frame. This temporal preference for a 3-s pattern and not a 1-s or a 10-s pattern, which linguistically would be possible, indicates presumably a profound evolutionary basis. The temporal modulation effect of the 3-s window on aesthetic appreciation may also motivate to look for other concepts and phenomena of the cognitive and neural basis of aesthetic perception in general and in detail, as has been partly already done for decision processes, the visual arts, and music (Avram et al., 2013; Bao et al., 2016; Bao et al., 2017; Park et al., 2014; Park et al., 2015; Pöppel, 1989a). >>

Xinchi Yu, Yan Bao. The three second time window in poems and language processing in general: Complementarity of discrete timing and temporal continuity.  PsyCh Journal. Vol 9, Issue 4 p. 429-443. doi: 10.1002/ pchj.390. Aug 26, 2020. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pchj.390

<< the composer Peter Michael Hamel  (..) decided to compose a string quartet, which he called The Time Frame. This time window (the three second time window), which is an anthropological universal, provides an operative basis for effortless communication, empathic relationships to others, and it is the brain's way to integrate continuity and simultaneity of what is experienced in a complementary mode. >>️

Peter Michael Hamel. Through the self to music: The self as the creative origin for composing in time frames. Psych J. 10(2):249-253. doi: 10.1002/ pchj.446. Apr 12, 2021

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33847070/

Also 

Ramificata tinnula (di carmina fluitantia). Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry). Jun 09, 2005.

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2005/06/1668-ramificata-tinnula-di-carmina.html

Elettrico Charlie (Seven come eleven). 

Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry). Feb 01, 2007. 

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2007/02/2116-elettrico-charlie-seven-come.html

Il pseudomotore di Shostakovich. Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry). Nov 15, 2006. 

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2006/11/2087-il-pseudomotore-di-shostakovich.html 

keyword 'jazz' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=jazz

FonT 

Queste considerazioni di Xinchi Yu e  Yan Bao potrebbero anche indicare una sorta di predisposizione neurofisiologica individuale all' 'immediato Satori' ... 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satori

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_(awareness)