# s-chem: a viscoelastic tongue with reversible saliva (spit and softness) to hang on to the next meal

<< A frog uses its whip-like tongue to snag its prey faster than a human can blink, hitting it with a force five times greater than gravity >>

<< A frog's saliva is thick and sticky during prey capture, then turns thin and watery as prey is removed inside the mouth >>

<< The tongue, which was found to be as soft as brain tissue and 10 times softer than a human's tongue, stretches and stores energy much like a spring >>

<< This combination of spit and softness is so effective that it provides the tongue 50 times greater work of adhesion than synthetic polymer materials such as sticky-hand toys >>

<< There are actually three phases (..) When the tongue first hits the insect, the saliva is almost like water and fills all the bug's crevices. Then, when the tongue snaps back, the saliva changes and becomes more viscous—thicker than honey, actually—gripping the insect for the ride back. The saliva turns watery again when the insect is sheared off inside the mouth >>

Reversible saliva allows frogs to hang on to next meal.  Jan. 31, 2017

https://m.phys.org/news/2017-01-reversible-saliva-frogs-meal.html

Alexis C.Noel, Hao-Yuan Guo, et al. Frogs use a viscoelastic tongue and non-Newtonian saliva to catch prey. Journal of The Royal Society Interface. Publ. 1 February 2017. DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0764

http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/14/127/20160764

# life: a weird revisited from ethnomedicine inside an approach in epidemiology, the 'saliva healers' vs. 'herd immunity'.

(A) 

<< chiamati 'dottori della saliva' >>

️

A pain-suppressive effect. Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry). Nov 14, 2006.    

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2006/11/2086-pain-suppressive-effect.html

(B) 

Apropos of "herd immunity" ... FonT. Mar 16, 2020. 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2020/03/life-apropos-of-herd-immunity.html

(C) 

<< During 2020, most schools were never pro-actively closed to hinder virus spreading (with compulsory physical attendance required by law in Sweden and no option for distance or home learning)  >> 

<< Many elderly people were administered morphine instead of oxygen despite available supplies, effectively ending their lives. >>️

<< The Swedish Strategy was also influential abroad, and became an argument in other countries including, among others, the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK) and Australia, to loosen restrictions >>️ 

<< Supporters of the natural herd-immunity strategy promoted a widespread “controlled” spread in society, to obtain herd-immunity without vaccination >>️ 

<< Email conversations and statements from the State Epidemiologist and others show that they at least speculated on the use of children to acquire herd-immunity, while at the same time publicly claiming children played a negligible role in transmission and did not become ill >> 

<< During 2020, however, Sweden had ten times higher COVID-19 death rates compared with neighbouring Norway. >>️️

️

Nele Brusselaers, David Steadson, et al. Evaluation of science advice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 9, 91. doi: 10.1057/ s41599-022-01097-5. Mar 22, 2022.  

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01097-5

Also

keyword 'saliva' in Notes  (quasi-stochastic poetry)   

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=saliva

keyword 'saliva' in FonT   

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=saliva

keyword 'virus' | 'sars-cov-2' | 'sars' in FonT   

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=virus

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=sars-cov-2

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=sars

keyword 'virus' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry):

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=virus

Also

(here a homemade mask with a pre  antiviral spray mixture)

A funky, immediate approach of the sneezing from Wuhan (a relative safe barrier - this device is NOT a filter). FonT. Mar 20, 2020. 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2020/03/life-funky-immediate-approach-of.html

keywords: ethnomedicine, saliva, saliva healers, herd immunity, virus, coronavirus, sars, mers, 2019ncov, sarscov2, covid19, 1or2achoos 

# drugs: proteins found in tick saliva (Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma) to treat a potentially fatal form of heart disease

<< Tick saliva contains proteins [evasins] that suppress chemokine-driven inflammation by binding and neutralizing multiple chemokines simultaneously, helping them to suck blood for several weeks without eliciting inflammation. >>

Kamayani Singh, Graham Davies, et al.  Yeast surface display identifies a family of evasins from ticks with novel polyvalent CC chemokine - binding activities. Scientific Reports. Jun 27, 2017; 7 (4267).

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-04378-1

AA << has identified several new tick evasins and shown that one of them, P991_AMBCA, from the cayenne tick found in the Americas, can bind to and block the effect of chemokines which cause inflammation in myocarditis, heart attack and stroke. >>

From bug to drug - tick saliva could be key to treating heart disease. University of Oxford. Jun 27, 2017.

https://m.phys.org/news/2017-06-bug-drugtick-saliva-key-heart.html

Also: "saliva" in:

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=saliva

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=saliva

# life: apropos of "herd immunity" ... ,

Apropos of  "herd immunities" ..., 

here a subtle, bizarre convergence with a specific traditional medical behavior, clearly annotaded in the field of ethnomedicine: the "saliva healers"

keyword "saliva" in Notes  (quasistochastic-poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=saliva

keyword "saliva" in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=saliva

keyword "herd | flock immunity" in NCBI

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/?term=%22Herd+immunity%22

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/30273325/?i=2&from=%22flock%20immunity%22

Also:  "pruneto di sputo" in  "aqa (any question answered)". May 21, 2005

(quasistochastic-poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2005/05/1781-aqa-any-question-answered.html

Also: "dall'orli frangiati di sopratoniche".   in "a pain-suppressive effect".  Nov 14, 2006. (quasistochastic-poetry).

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2006/11/2086-pain-suppressive-effect.html

# behav: the self-medication poultice by orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus)

<< Animals self-medicate using a variety of plant and arthropod secondary metabolites by either ingesting them or anointing them to their fur or skin apparently to repel ectoparasites and treat skin diseases >>

AA << document self-medication in the only Asian great ape, orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus), and for the first time, to our knowledge, the external application of an anti-inflammatory agent in animals. The use of leaf extracts from Dracaena cantleyi by orang-utan has been observed on several occasions; rubbing a foamy mixture of saliva and leaf onto specific parts of the body. Interestingly, the local indigenous human population also use a poultice of these leaves for the relief of body pains >>

Morrogh-Bernard HC, Foitova I, et al. Self-medication by orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) using bioactive properties of Dracaena cantleyi. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7: 16653.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16621-w.
Nov 30, 2017.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-16621-w

Borneo Nature Foundation. Orangutans, like people, use medicinal plants to treat joint and muscle inflammation. Jan 10, 2018.

https://m.phys.org/news/2018-01-orangutans-people-medicinal-joint-muscle.html