# gst: instability, shocks, and competition interfaces in the Brownian last-passage percolation model

<<  For stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi (SHJ) equations, instability points are the space-time locations where two eternal solutions with the same asymptotic velocity differ. Another crucial structure in such equations is shocks, which are the space-time locations where the velocity field is discontinuous. >>

AA << provide a detailed analysis of the structure and relationships between shocks, instability, and competition interfaces in the Brownian last-passage percolation model, which serves as a prototype of a semi-discrete inviscid stochastic HJ equation in one space dimension. >>

AA << show that the shock trees of the two unstable eternal solutions differ within the instability region and align outside of it. Furthermore, (They) demonstrate that one can reconstruct a skeleton of the instability region from these two shock trees. >>️

Firas Rassoul-Agha, Mikhail Sweeney. Shocks and instability in Brownian last-passage percolation. arXiv:  2407.07866v2 [math.PR]. Oct 18, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.07866

Also: Brownian last-passage percolation (LPP) model. In: S. GANGULY,  A. HAMMOND. Stability and chaos in dynamical last passage percolation. Jun 7, 2024. 

 https://doi.org/10.1090/cams/35 

Keywords: gst, instability, shock, competition, chaos, percolation

# gst: apropos of instabilities, viscoelastic liquid bridges can be destabilized by torsion.

<< Liquid bridges are formed when liquids are constrained between two (or more) surfaces via the capillary force. They appear in a wide range of contexts including biology, medicine, and engineering. In the context of biology, liquid bridges enable animals like geckos to adhere to vertical walls (..) >>

<< By experiment and simulation, (AA) report that viscoelastic liquid bridges made of constant viscosity elastic liquids, a.k.a. Boger fluids, can be effectively destabilized by torsion. Under torsion, the deformation of the liquid bridge depends on the competition between elastocapillarity and torsion-induced normal stress effects. When the elastocapillary effect dominates, the liquid bridge undergoes elastocapillary instability and thins into a cylindrical thread, whose length increases and whose radius decays exponentially over time. When the torsion-induced normal stress effect dominates, the liquid bridge deforms in a way similar to edge fracture, a flow instability characterized by the sudden indentation of the fluid's free surface when a viscoelastic fluid is sheared at above a critical deformation rate. The vertical component of the normal stress causes the upper and lower portions of the liquid bridge to approach each other, and the radial component of the normal stress results in the liquid bridge thinning more quickly than under elastocapillarity. Whether such quick thinning continues until the bridge breaks depends on both the liquid bridge configuration and the level of torsion applied. >>️

San To Chan, Stylianos Varchanis, et al. Torsional instability of constant viscosity elastic liquid bridges. Soft Matter, 2022,18, 1965-1977. doi: 10.1039/ D1SM01804C. Feb 7, 2022. 

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/SM/D1SM01804C

image: https://twitter.com/softmatter/status/1504473129074126851

Also

keyword 'instability' | 'instabilities' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=instability

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=instabilities

keyword 'instabile' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=instabile

keyword 'torsione' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=torsione

keywords: instability, torsion, torsional instability, viscoelastic liquid, bridge

# gst: tuning to the edge of instability (in the cochlea)

<< Sound produces surface waves along the cochlea's basilar membrane. To achieve the ear's astonishing frequency resolution and sensitivity to faint sounds, dissipation in the cochlea must be canceled via active processes in hair cells, effectively bringing the cochlea to the edge of instability. But how can the cochlea be globally tuned to the edge of instability with only local feedback? >>

<< Surprisingly, (AA) find the basilar membrane supports two qualitatively distinct sets of modes: a continuum of localized modes and a small number of collective extended modes. Localized modes sharply peak at their resonant position and are largely uncoupled. As a result, they can be amplified almost independently from each other by local hair cells via feedback reminiscent of self-organized criticality. >>

<< However, this amplification can destabilize the collective extended modes; avoiding such instabilities places limits on possible molecular mechanisms for active feedback in hair cells. >>

AA << work illuminates how and under what conditions individual hair cells can collectively create a critical cochlea. >>️

Asheesh S. Momi, Michael C. Abbott, et al. Hair Cells in the Cochlea Must Tune Resonant Modes to the Edge of Instability without Destabilizing Collective Modes. PRX Life 3, 013001. Jan 2, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prxlife/abstract/10.1103/PRXLife.3.013001 

Also: sound, music, pause, silence, instability, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, acoustics, bifurcations, sensory processes, sound detection, auditory system, ear, criticality, self-organized criticality, sound, music, pause, silence, instability

# gst: buckling instability in a chain of sticky bubbles

<< A slender object undergoing an axial compression will buckle to alleviate the stress. Typically the morphology of the deformed object depends on the bending stiffness for solids, or the viscoelastic properties for liquid threads. >>️

AA << study a chain of uniform sticky air bubbles that rise due to buoyancy through an aqueous bath. A buckling instability of the bubble chain with a characteristic wavelength is observed.  >>️

<< If a chain of bubbles is produced faster than it is able to rise, the dominance of viscous drag over buoyancy results in a compressive stress that is alleviated by buckling the bubble chain. >>️

<< Unlike other systems, in which buckling arises from a cost associ­ated with bending, to our knowledge this is the first study of drag-induced buckling with no intrinsic cost to bending—a buckling instability with a characteristic lengthscale emerges as a result of hydrodynamics. >>

️

Carmen L. Lee and Kari Dalnoki-Veress. Buckling instability in a chain of sticky bubbles. Phys. Rev. Research 6, L022062. Jun 14, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022062

Also: bubble, instability, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bubble, instability, drop, droplet, droploid, transition 

# gst: myriad of complex dynamics from the atomization of acoustically levitated droplets

AA << report the dynamics of a droplet levitated in a single-axis acoustic levitator. The deformation and atomization behavior of the droplet in the acoustic field exhibits a myriad of complex phenomena, in sequences of steps. These include the primary breakup of the droplet through stable levitation, deformation, sheet formation, and equatorial atomization, followed by secondary breakup which could be umbrella breakup, bag breakup, bubble breakup or multistage breakup depending on the initial size of the droplet. >>

<< Both the primary and the secondary breakup of the droplet admit interfacial instabilities such as Faraday instability, Kelvin Helmholtz (KH) instability, RT instability, and RP instability and are well described with visual evidence. >>️

Sunil K. Saroj, Rochish M. Thaokar. Atomisation of an acoustically levitated droplet: Experimental observations of a myriad of complex phenomenon. arXiv: 2307.00400v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Jul 1, 2023.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.00400

Also:  drop, transition, instability in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: gst, drop, droplet, transition, instability

# gst: buckling instability of sticky bubbles.

<< A slender object undergoing an axial compression will buckle to alleviate the stress. Typically the morphology of the deformed object depends on the bending stiffness for solids, or the viscoelastic properties for liquid threads. >>️

AA << study a chain of uniform sticky air bubbles in an aqueous bath that rise due to buoyancy. A buckling instability of the bubble chain, with a characteristic wavelength, is observed in the absence of a bending stiffness. If a chain of bubbles is produced faster than it is able to rise, the dominance of viscous drag over buoyancy results in a compressive stress that is alleviated by buckling the bubble chain. >>

️

Carmen L. Lee, Kari Dalnoki-Veress. Buckling instability in a chain of sticky bubbles. arXiv: 2311.15452v1 [cond-mat.soft]. Nov 26, 2023.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.15452

Also: bubble, instability, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bubble, instability, buckling instability

# gst: helical instabilities from mixed mode transitions in boundary layers

<< Recent (..) direct numerical simulations (DNS) of adverse- and zero-pressure-gradient boundary layers beneath moderate levels of free stream turbulence (𝑇⁢𝑢≤2%) revealed a mixed mode transition regime, intermediate between orderly and bypass routes. >>️

<< In this regime, the amplitudes of the Klebanoff streaks and instability waves are similar, and both can contribute significantly as these interact. Three-dimensional visualizations of transitional eddies revealed a helical pattern, quite distinct from the sinuous and varicose forms seen in pure bypass transition. This raises the fundamental question of whether the helical pattern could be attributed to a previously unknown instability mode. >>️

In AA work << based on stability analyses, (they) show that it is indeed the case. Two-dimensional stability analyses are performed herein for base flows extracted from DNS flow fields. >>️

Rikhi Bose, Paul A. Durbin. Mixed mode transition in boundary layers: Helical instability. Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 063905. Jun 12, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.063905

Also: instability, transition, turbulence, waves, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, instability, transition, turbulence, waves

# gst: elastic instability of wormlike micelle solution flow in serpentine channels

AA << investigated the flow behavior of a highly elastic, shear-thinning, semi-dilute (Wormlike micelle) WLM solution in serpentine channels at low Reynolds number and moderate Weissenberg numbers. >>

Their << flow visualization experiments revealed three key phenomena: >>

1. << At low Wi, the base flow is steady and laminar but exhibits spatial asymmetry with wall slip, reflecting the shear-thinning and shear banding properties of the WLM solution. Above a critical Wi (..) the flow undergoes an elastic instability and transitions to a 3D unsteady flow state characterized by pronounced spatiotemporal velocity fluctuations. (..). >>

2. << Alongside this unstable bulk flow, dead zones of stagnant fluid form in the downstream portion of halfloops—reflecting the ability of the WLM solution to support shear localization, complementing reports of dead zone formation for other types of complex fluids (..). Due to coupling to the velocity fluctuations in the bulk flow, these dead zones fluctuate in their size; however, they are bounded by a maximalsize that minimizes the fluid streamline curvature, and therefore the generation of elastic stresses. Dead zones also exhibit multistable behavior—forming and persisting in some half-loops, not forming in other half-loops, and randomly switching between these two states. (..). >>

3. << The unstable flow state also features intermittent, 3D “twisting” velocity inversion events amid the spatiotemporally-fluctuating bulk flow. These twisting events reduce the hydrodynamic tortuosity compared to the base flow state, and their geometric structure can also be rationalized as minimizing the fluid streamline curvature, and therefore the generation of elastic stresses. >>

Emily Y. Chen, Sujit S. Datta. Elastic instability of wormlike micelle solution flow in serpentine channels. arXiv: 2504.02951v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.02951

Also: elastic, instability, disorder & fluctuations, transition, behav, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, elasticity, instability, disorder & fluctuations, transition, behavior, multistable behavior, randomly switch, twisting events, dead zone

# gst: apropos of transitions, three distinct new families of long-wave instabilities and potential new pathways to turbulence.

AA << reveal three previously unknown instabilities, distinct from the well-known Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI) and Holmboe Wave Instability (HWI), in that they have longer wavelengths (..) and often slower growth rates. >>

<< The circumstances under which turbulence can persist in strongly stratified flows remains a fascinating debate within the community. [AA] demonstrated that weakly unstable (very) long waves may trigger turbulence and mixing after long periods of time, even under initially very strongly stratified conditions. >>

Lu Zhu, Amir Atoufi, Adrien Lefauve, Rich R. Kerswell, P. F. Linden. Long-wave instabilities of sloping stratified exchange flows. arXiv:2309.10056v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Sep 18, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.10056

Also: waves, instability, transition, turbulence, chaos, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: gst, waves, instability, long-wave instability, transition, turbulence, chaos

# gst: floating droplets excited with Faraday waves

<< The Faraday instability has been extensively studied in bounded containers but only recently has research on this phenomenon in flexible domains been conducted. (AA) study floating liquid droplets with Faraday waves excited on their surface, which undergo a slow time evolution toward a stable noncircular shape. (AA) develop a theoretical model for the evolution of the boundary of the droplet, thus allowing to simulate its full transient motion toward steady state. >>

<< By changing the forcing frequency and amplitude of (the) system, (They) observe a variety of stable droplet shapes. (..) Interesting transient behavior such as hysteresis is also discussed, where the final droplet shape depends on its previous shape. Finally, (They) touch upon droplets that do not reach a steady state shape, instead oscillating periodically in time or rotating at a constant angular velocity. >>️

L. Mazereeuw. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the shapes formed by floating droplets excited with Faraday waves. Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 124404. Dec 19, 2024.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.124404

Also: drop, waves, instability, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: drops, droplets, droploids, waves, instability, Faraday instability, transitions   

# s-phys: how a plasmoid instability could behave

<< The paper describes how the plasmoid instability begins in a slow linear phase that goes through a period of quiescence before accelerating into an explosive phase that triggers a dramatic increase in the speed of magnetic reconnection. >>

<< Plasmoid instability, which breaks up plasma current sheets into small magnetic islands called plasmoids, has generated considerable interest in recent years as a possible mechanism for fast reconnection. >>

<<  At issue is how magnetic reconnection, a universal process that sets off solar flares, northern lights and cosmic gamma-ray bursts, occurs so much faster than theory says should be possible. >>

John Greenwald. Researchers propose an explanation for the mysterious onset of a universal process. Nov. 22, 2016

http://m.phys.org/news/2016-11-explanation-mysterious-onset-universal.html

Comisso L., Lingam M., et al. General theory of the plasmoid instability. Phys. Plasmas 23, 100702 (2016);

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4964481

# gst: apropos of modulational instabilities, the case of vortex-ring quantum droplets in a radially-periodic potential.

FIG. 11: (Color online) Typical examples of stable nested patterns with soliton and vortex QDs (quantum droplets)  which were created in adjacent radial troughs. In panels (a1-b4) the pattern was created from the initial dynamical states with parameters (N,S,On) = (46,0,2) and (N,S,On) = (35,1,1) in the outer and inner troughs, respectively. In panels (c1-d4) the input was taken with parameter sets (N,S,On) = (120,1,3) and (N,S,On) = (46,0,2) in the outer and inner troughs.

AA << establish stability and characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) vortex ring-shaped quantum droplets (QDs) formed by binary Bose-Einstein condensates. >>️

<< another noteworthy option is to construct a two-ring complex in which one vortex-ring component is subject to the MI  (modulational instability), hence it is replaced by an azimuthal soliton (or maybe several solitons), (..), while the vortex component trapped in another potential trough avoids the azimuthal MI and remains essentially axisymmetric. >>️

<< Examples of such heterogeneous robust states, produced by simulations of Eq. (3), are displayed in Fig. 11. Panels 11(a1-b4) show a complex in which the MI takes place in the outer circular trough, producing an azimuthal soliton which performs rotary motion, while the inner vortex ring is  modulationally stable. An opposite example is produced in Figs. 11(c1-d4), where the outer vortex ring remains stable against azimuthal perturbations, while the MI creates a soliton exhibiting the rotary motion in the embedded (inner) circular trough. The rotation direction of the soliton is driven by the vorticity sign of the underlying QD (quantum droplet). It is relevant to mention that the multi-ring potential considered here holds different vortex-ring or azimuthal-soliton states nearly isolating them from each other. (..) An additional problem, which is left for subsequent analysis, is interplay between adjacent radial modes in the case when the separation between the adjacent rings is essentially smaller. >>️

Bin Liu, Yi xi Chen, et al. Vortex-ring quantum droplets in a radially-periodic potential. arXiv: 2212.05838v1 [nlin.PS]. Dec 12, 2022.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.05838

Also

keyword 'drop' | 'droplet' | 'droploids' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=drop

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=droplet

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=droploids

keyword 'goccia' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry): 

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=goccia

keyword 'instability' | 'instabilities' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=instability

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=instabilities

keyword 'instabile' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=instabile

Keywords: gst, drop, droplet, vortex, vortices, vortexes, vorticity, instability,  modulational instabilities

# gst: tandem droplets accelerated by continuous uniform airflow.

<< In a dense droplet environment, droplets influence each other's motion, deformation, and breakup behavior. The tandem droplet is a particularly relevant case for the study of its unsteady dynamic behavior. >>

<< A three-dimensional numerical simulation study was conducted to investigate the deformation process of tandem droplets under different conditions. >>

<< The results of the research show that under conditions of high density ratio and a significant Reynolds number, the edge morphological characteristics of droplets are predominantly influenced by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. In the case of low density ratios, the pressure drag force on the leeward side exerts a dominant influence on the accelerated motion of the leading droplet. The shape of the droplet is significantly influenced by the vortex ring present in the recirculation region. The perturbation of the liquid edge induces the vortex ring to split into secondary vortex rings, which act back on the droplet, thereby affecting its morphological characteristics. The trailing droplet is subject to a reduction in cross-flow radius, drag coefficient, minimum length, and expansion speed of the liquid bag due to the influence of the wake of the leading droplet. The decrease in Reynolds number and relative distance leads to a stronger suppression effect, while the decrease in density ratio shortens the length of the recirculation region, thereby weakening the suppression of trailing droplets. >>

Shuting Peng, Fuzhen Chen, et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of tandem droplets accelerated by continuous uniform airflow. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 024304. Feb 25, 2025. 

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.024304  

Also: droplet, instability, vortex, behav, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, droplet, instability, vortex, behavior

# gst: apropos of transverse instabilities, from chimeras to extensive chaos

<< Populations of coupled oscillators can exhibit a wide range of complex dynamical behavior, from complete synchronization to chimera and chaotic states. We can thus expect complex dynamics to arise in networks of such populations. >>️

Here AA << analyze the dynamics of networks of populations of heterogeneous mean-field coupled Kuramoto-Sakaguchi oscillators, and show that the instability that leads to chimera states in a simple two-population model also leads to extensive chaos in large networks of coupled populations. >>️

Pol Floriach, Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo, Pau Clusella. From chimeras to extensive chaos in networks of heterogeneous Kuramoto oscillator populations. arXiv: 2407.20408v2 [nlin.CD]. Oct 11, 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.20408

Also: chimera, instability, chaos, network, in 

https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, chimera, instability, chaos, network

# gst: chaotic and time-periodic edge states in square duct flow.

AA << analyse the dynamics within the stability boundary between laminar and turbulent square duct flow with the aid of an edge-tracking algorithm. As for the circular pipe, the edge state turns out to be a chaotic attractor within the edge if the flow is not constrained to a symmetric subspace. The chaotic edge state dynamics is characterised by a sequence of alternating quiescent phases and regularly occurring bursting episodes. These latter reflect the different stages of the well-known streak-vortex interaction in near-wall turbulence: the edge states feature most of the time a single streak with a number of flanking quasi-streamwise vortices attached to one of the four surrounding walls. The initially straight streak undergoes the classical linear instability and eventually breaks in an intense bursting event due to the action of the quasi-streamwise vortices. At the same time, the vortices give rise to a new generation of low-speed streaks at one of the neighbouring walls, thereby causing the turbulent activity to `switch' from one wall to the other. >>

<< When restricting the edge dynamics to a single or twofold mirror-symmetric subspace, on the other hand, the outlined bursting and wall-switching episodes become self-recurrent in time. These edge states thus represent the first periodic orbits found in the square duct. In contrast to the chaotic edge states in the non-symmetric case, the imposed symmetries enforce analogue bursting cycles to simultaneously appear at two parallel opposing walls in a mirror-symmetric configuration. Both localisation of the turbulent activity to one or two walls and wall switching are shown to be a common phenomenon in low Reynolds number duct turbulence. (They) therefore argue that the marginally turbulent trajectories transiently visit the identified edge states during these episodes, so that the edge states become actively involved in the turbulent dynamics. >>️

Markus Scherer, Markus Uhlmann, Genta Kawahara. Chaotic and time-periodic edge states in square duct flow. arXiv: 2503.22519v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Mar 28, 2025️. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22519

Also: turbulence, chaos, vortex, instability, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, turbulence, duct turbulence, chaos, chaotic edge states, vortex, instability, wall-switching episodes, bursting cycles 

# gst: apropos of transitions, perspectives on viscoelastic flow instabilities; the 'porous individualism'

<< given the observation that disorder can suppress the transition to elastic turbulence in 2D porous media (..), it has been unclear whether and how this transition manifests in disordered 3D media — though elastic turbulence has been speculated to underlie the long-standing observation that the macroscopic flow resistance of an injected polymer solution can abruptly increase above a threshold flow rate in a porous medium, but not in bulk solution >>️

AA << found that the transition to unstable flow in each pore is continuous, arising due to the increased persistence of discrete bursts of instability above a critical value of the characteristic (Weissenberg no.) Wi; however, the onset value varies from pore to pore. This observation that single pores exposed to the same macroscopic flow rate become unstable in different ways provides a fascinating pore-scale analog of “molecular individualism” [P.  De Gennes, Molecular individualism. Science 276, 1999–2000 (1997)], in which single polymers exposed to the same extensional flow elongate in different ways; the authors therefore termed it “porous individualism”, although it is important to note that here, this effect is still at the continuum (not molecular) scale. Thus, unstable flow is spatially heterogeneous across the different pores of the medium, with unstable and laminar regions coexisting >>

AA << quantitatively established that the energy dissipated by unstable pore-scale fluctuations generates an anomalous increase in flow resistance through the entire medium that agrees well with macroscopic pressure drop measurements. >>

Sujit S. Datta, Arezoo M. Ardekani, et al. Perspectives on viscoelastic flow instabilities and elastic turbulence. arXiv: 2108.09841v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Aug 22, 2021. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.09841

Also

keyword 'transition' | 'transitional' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=transition

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=transitional

keyword 'transition' | 'transizion*' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transition

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizione

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizioni

keywords: gst, droplet, fluctuations, disorder, instability, viscoelastic flow instability, turbulence, elastic turbulence, individualism, porous individualism, transition

# gst: when turbulence is driven by a strongly compressive guide

<< it is not fully understood how shocks drive turbulence, in particular whether shock driving is a more solenoidal (rotational, divergence-free) or a more compressive (potential, curl-free) mode of driving turbulence. >>️

<< Here, (AA) use hydrodynamical simulations of a shock inducing turbulent motions in a structured, multi-phase medium. >>️

<< Using simulations in which a shock is driven into a multi-phase medium with structures of different sizes and Γ<1, (AA) find b∼1 for all cases, showing that shock-driven turbulence is consistent with strongly compressive driving. >>️

Saee Dhawalikar, Christoph Federrath,  et al. The driving mode of shock-driven turbulence. arXiv:2205.14417v1 [astro-ph.GA]. May 28, 2022. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.14417

Also

keywords 'turbulence' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=turbulence

keywords 'turbolento' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=turbolento

keyword 'waves' in FonT

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keyword 'onda' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=onda

keyword 'instability' | 'instabilities' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=instability

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=instabilities

keyword 'instabile' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=instabile

Keywords: gst, turbulence, instability, waves, shock waves

# s-gst: imaging a soliton, first in the centre (of the condensate) rather than at the edges

<< When a periodic waveform is subjected to small perturbations to its amplitude and phase, any nonlinearity in the system can lead to its fragmentation — a so-called modulation instability. The phenomenon often results in the formation of solitons — self-reinforcing solitary wave packets — aligned in a train >>

AA << found that [ in ultracold 7Li atoms ] solitons developed first in the centre of the condensate rather than at the edges, suggesting that the seed for the modulation instability is dominated by noise, which may be technical, thermal or quantum in origin >>

Yun Li. Ultracold gases. Search for the seed. doi:10.1038/nphys4172

http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v13/n6/full/nphys4172.html

Jason H. V. Nguyen, De Luo, Randall G. Hulet. Formation of matter-wave soliton trains by modulational instability. Science 2017, 356 (6336), 422–426. doi: 10.1126/science.aal3220. 28 Apr 2017.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6336/422

# gst: streak-vortex instabilities in heterogeneous turbulent boundary layers

AA << re-examine the turbulent boundary layers developing over surfaces with spanwise heterogeneous roughness of various roughness wavelengths 0.32≤S/δ¯¯≤3.63, where S is the width of the roughness strips and δ¯¯ is the spanwise-averaged boundary-layer thickness. >>

<< The heterogeneous cases induce counter-rotating secondary flows, and these are compared to the large-scale turbulent structures that occur naturally over the smooth wall. Both appear as meandering elongated high- and low-momentum streaks in the instantaneous flow field. >>

<< Results suggest that the secondary flows might be spanwise-locked turbulent structures, with S/δ¯¯ governing the strength of the turbulent structures and possibly the efficacy of the surface in locking the structures in place (most effective when S/δ¯¯≈1). >>

<< Conditional averages of the fluctuating velocity fields of both spanwise heterogeneous and smooth wall cases result in structures that are strongly reminiscent of the streak-vortex instability model. (proposed in Jeong et al.,1997) >>

<< One outstanding question that remains unanswered in the present study is the cause of the prominent meandering of the turbulent structures, which is only observed when S/δ¯¯≈1 >>️️

️

Dea Daniella Wangsawijaya, Nicholas Hutchins. Investigation of unsteady secondary flows and large-scale turbulence in heterogeneous turbulent boundary layers. arXiv: 2110.02268v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Oct 5, 2021.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.02268

keywords: gst, fluid dynamics, vortices, vortex instability, streak-vortex instability,  roughness, heterogeneous roughness, turbulence, turbulent boundary layers.

# gst: modeling around the edge of a crack

<< It is said that a weak link determines the strength of the entire chain. Likewise, defects or small cracks in a solid material may ultimately determine the strength of that material – how well it will withstand various forces >>

<< What, exactly, happens right around the edge of the crack, in the area in which those large stresses are concentrated? >>

The Breaking Point. What happens at the moving edge of crack? Aug 23, 2017

https://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/chemistry/breaking-point

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170823094054.htm

AA << show that cracks undergo an oscillatory instability controlled by small-scale, near crack-tip, elastic nonlinearity. This instability occurs above an ultrahigh critical velocity and features an intrinsic wavelength proportional to the ratio of the fracture energy to the elastic modulus (..) This ratio emerges as a fundamental scaling length assumed to play no role in the classical theory of cracks, but shown here to strongly influence crack dynamics >>

Chih-Hung Chen, Eran Bouchbinder & Alain Karma. Instability in dynamic fracture and the failure of the classical theory of cracks. Nature Physics doi: 10.1038/nphys4237 Publ. Aug 21, 2017

https://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphys4237.html