# behav: how (and when) multiple bird species fly and feed together, like a K-pop band

<< Birds of a feather don't always flock together: Peer into a forest canopy, and you will likely spot multiple bird species flying and feeding together, a phenomenon most spectacular in the Amazon where 50 species may travel as a unit. But are birds in these mixed flocks cooperating with one another or competing?  A new study suggests both. >>

<< Species kept competition within the flock low, however, by differentiating their foraging technique, their choice of hunting spot or the general distance they kept from a tree trunk. >>

Natalie Van Hoose. How bird flocks with multiple species behave like K-pop groups. Florida Museum of Natural History.  Feb 12, 2020

https://m.phys.org/news/2020-02-bird-flocks-multiple-species-k-pop.html

Harrison H Jones, Mitchell J Walters, Scott K Robinson. Do similar foragers flock together? Nonbreeding foraging behavior and its impact on mixed-species flocking associations in a subtropical region.  The Auk, ukz079.  doi: 10.1093/auk/ukz079. Feb 12, 2020.

https://academic.oup.com/auk/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/auk/ukz079/5731484

k-pop band  

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-pop

# behav: chaotic (jazz) music generated by songbirds during non-mating seasons for opioid reward

<< when songbirds sing during non-mating seasons, it's because singing releases an opioid naturally produced in their brain —that's right, a compound with the same biological makeup of the highly addictive painkillers. >> 

<< Animals—including birds, including humans—we produce our own endogenous opioids, and they reward behaviors naturally, like sexual behavior or feeding behavior, (..) Studies show that endogenous opioids also make play rewarding. Songbirds learn their songs, and must practice. When we listened to birds practicing in flocks, it almost sounded as if they were playing around with the notes. Darwin even suggested that birds in flocks may be singing for 'their own amusement.' So, we thought if singing is a playful behavior, it should involve opioids. >> Lauren Riters. 

<< in starlings, endogenous opioid-prompted song is evolutionarily advantageous, because singing in flocks allows them an opportunity to practice their song to prepare for the mating season. It might not be the most beautiful to listen to—Riters likened their chaotic song to freeform jazz—but that's okay. To them, it's just a warm-up for when they start looking for a mate. >> 

Songbirds sing, like humans flock, for opioid reward. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Oct 02, 2020. 

https://phys.org/news/2020-10-songbirds-humans-flock-opioid-reward.html

Stevenson, S.A., Piepenburg, A., et al. Endogenous opioids facilitate intrinsically-rewarded birdsong. Sci Rep 10, 11083. doi: 10.1038/ s41598-020-67684-1. Jul 6, 2020.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67684-1

# s-gst: together, in complex flock configurations

<< Moving particles  with no memory can  group  together in complex flock configurations using only instantaneous cues >>

Flocks Without Memory. Dec. 8, 2016

https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.248001

Lucas Barberis, Fernando Peruani. Large-Scale Patterns in a Minimal Cognitive Flocking Model: Incidental Leaders, Nematic Patterns, and Aggregates Patterns. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 , 248001. Publ. 6 Dec. 2016

http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.248001

# psych: birds of a feather flock together; why there are dysfunctional politicians.

“If we have dysfunctional politicians, it’s because we have a dysfunctional electorate,"

Paul Ratner. Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains Why We Have Dysfunctional Politicians. March 10, 2017.

https://bigthink.com/paul-ratner/neil-degrasse-tyson-reveals-what-he-would-do-as-president  

Also

<< A study found that people with psychopathic traits are more likely to be attracted to others on the same psychopathic spectrum. >>

<< Psychopathic qualities include lack of empathy, lack of remorse, and other antisocial traits. >>

<< Psychopathic traits aren't that attractive to non-psychopathic individuals. >>

Mike Colagrossi. Psychopaths are attracted to other psychopaths. New psychological research suggests that psychopaths are attracted to others with their same disposition. Nov 2, 2018.

https://bigthink.com/sex-relationships/psychopaths-are-attracted-to-other-psychopaths

Ashley L. Watts  Jessica C. Rohr, et al. Do psychopathic birds of a feather flock together? Psychopathic personality traits and romantic preferences. Journal of Personality. April 16, 2018. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12394.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jopy.12394

# gst: "birds of a feather flock together", the swarmalators

<< Swarmalators have emerged as a new paradigm for dynamical collective behavior of multi-agent systems due to the interplay of synchronization and swarming that they inherently incorporate. Their dynamics have been explored with different coupling topologies, interaction functions, external forcing, noise, competitive interactions, and from other important viewpoints. Here (AA) take a systematic approach and review the collective dynamics of swarmalators analytically and/or numerically. Long-term states of position aggregation and phase synchronization are revealed in this perspective with some future >>️

Gourab Kumar Sar, Dibakar Ghosh. Dynamics of swarmalators: A pedagogical review. arXiv: 2208.14803v1 [nlin.AO]. Jul 25, 2022. Europhysics Letters 139, 53001. 

doi: 10.1209/ 0295-5075/ac8445. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.14803

Also

Keyword 'swarm' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=swarm

Keywords: gst, behavior, collective behavior, self-organization, synchronization, spontaneous synchronization, swarm, swarmalators.

# life: apropos of "herd immunity" ... ,

Apropos of  "herd immunities" ..., 

here a subtle, bizarre convergence with a specific traditional medical behavior, clearly annotaded in the field of ethnomedicine: the "saliva healers"

keyword "saliva" in Notes  (quasistochastic-poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=saliva

keyword "saliva" in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=saliva

keyword "herd | flock immunity" in NCBI

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/?term=%22Herd+immunity%22

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/30273325/?i=2&from=%22flock%20immunity%22

Also:  "pruneto di sputo" in  "aqa (any question answered)". May 21, 2005

(quasistochastic-poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2005/05/1781-aqa-any-question-answered.html

Also: "dall'orli frangiati di sopratoniche".   in "a pain-suppressive effect".  Nov 14, 2006. (quasistochastic-poetry).

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2006/11/2086-pain-suppressive-effect.html

# gst: apropos of collective behaviors, a visual model to reproduces swarming, schooling, and milling.

<< Animal collective behavior is often modeled with self-propelled particles, assuming each individual has “omniscient” knowledge of its neighbors. Yet, neighbors may be hidden from view and we do not know the effect of this information loss. To address this question, (AA) propose a visual model of collective behavior where each particle moves according to bioplausible visual cues, in particular the optic flow. This visual model successfully reproduces three classical collective behaviors: swarming (no orientational order), schooling (high orientational order), and milling (the group coordinately swirls in a circular pattern). >>️

Diego Castro, Franck Ruffier, Christophe Eloy. Modeling collective behaviors from optic flow and retinal cues. Phys. Rev. Research 6, 023016. Apr 4, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.023016

Also: swarm, flock, behav, particle, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, swarming, flocking, behavior, particle, self-propelled particles