# life; aprops of 'extreme swing' (4) ... IT exists, IT doesn't; IT will return, IT will not;

<< "i tamponi eseguiti negli ultimi dieci giorni hanno una carica virale infinitesimale rispetto a quelli eseguiti su pazienti di un mese, due mesi fa". Il presidente del Consiglio Superiore di Sanità (..) esprime "sorpresa e sconcerto" >>

Per il primario del San Raffaele, il coronavirus "dal punto di vista clinico non esiste più". AGI. May 31, 2020 utd 21:03 

https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2020-05-31/coronavirus-non-esiste-piu-zangrillo-8780102/ 

Also

keyword 'extreme | swing' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=extreme|swing

keyword 'estremo | swing' in Notes (quasi- stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=estremo|swing

# life: a case of extreme swing (2): "and we will or (vice versa) we won’t"

<< "This is formal impeachment proceedings," Nadler (Jerry Nadler) said in a CNN interview. "We are investigating all the evidence, gathering the evidence. And we will [at the] conclusion of this - hopefully by the end of the year - vote to vote articles of impeachment to the House floor. Or we won’t. That’s a decision that we’ll have to make. But that’s exactly the process we’re in right now." >>

Andrew Desiderio. Nadler: "This is formal impeachment proceedings". Politico. Aug 8, 2019    https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/08/nadler-this-is-formal-impeachment-proceedings-1454360   

Also

a case of extreme swing: clearly "He is not not" or vice versa "He is yes yes" . FonT. May 30, 2019.    https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2019/05/life-case-of-extreme-swing-clearly-is.html

# life: a case of extreme swing (3): he's impeachable/ impeached, or (maybe) not

<< Now that the House of Representatives has voted to impeach President Donald Trump, what is the constitutional status of the two articles of impeachment? Must they be transmitted to the Senate to trigger a trial, or could they be held back by the House until the Senate decides what the trial will look like, as Speaker Nancy Pelosi has hinted?  The Constitution doesn’t say how fast the articles must go to the Senate. Some modest delay is not inconsistent with the Constitution, or how both chambers usually work. >>

<< Strictly speaking, "impeachment" occurred – and occurs - when the articles of impeachment are presented to the Senate for trial. And at that point, the Senate is obliged by the Constitution to hold a trial. >>

Noah Feldman. Trump Isn’t Impeached Until the House Tells the Senate

According to the Constitution, impeachment is a process, not a vote.  Dec 19,  2019. 

https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2019-12-19/trump-impeachment-delay-could-be-serious-problem-for-democrats

Also

"extreme swing" in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=extreme+swing

# gst: extreme events in two-coupled chaotic oscillators.

This AA study << focuses on the emergence of extreme events in a system of diffusively and bidirectionally two coupled Rössler oscillators and unraveling the mechanism behind the genesis of extreme events. (AA) find the appearance of extreme events in three different observables: average velocity, synchronization error, and one transverse directional variable to the synchronization manifold. >>

<< The emergence of extreme events in average velocity variables happens due to the occasional in-phase synchronization. The on-off intermittency plays for the crucial role in the genesis of extreme events in the synchronization error dynamics and in the transverse directional variable to the synchronization manifold. The bubble transition of the chaotic attractor due to the on-off intermittency is illustrated for the transverse directional variable. >>

S. Sudharsan, Tapas Kumar Pal, et al. Extreme events in two-coupled chaotic oscillators. arXiv: 2409.15855v1 [nlin.CD]. Sep 24, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.15855

Also: transition, bubble, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, transition, bubble transition, extreme events

# behav: unfrequent events under radical uncertainty; rats tend to avoid black swan situations.

AA << present a novel experimental design that aims at measuring the extent to which animal subjects are sensitive to rare and extreme events and, in addition, how rats respond to those very unfrequent events under radical uncertainty. (..) the novelty of (AA) design is that it provides two direct measures that help interpreting (..) behavioral data: Total Sensitivity to Rare and Extreme Events, and One-sided Sensitivity to Rare and Extreme Events with Black-Swan Avoidance/Jackpot-Seeking behaviors as limiting cases. >>️

<< First, most rats (..) can be grouped into a moderate to high Total Sensitivity group. This means that most rats diversify their choices across options in such a way that they more often rely on convex ones than on concave ones overall. Therefore, they tend to seek extreme gains/Jackpots and to avoid extreme losses/ Black Swans. In addition, most rats (..) tend to exhibit Black Swan Avoidance, which indicates that, given Total Sensitivity, they tend to try more often to avoid Black Swans than to seek Jackpots. (AA) interpret such a behavior as significant aversion towards uncertainty about rare and extreme losses.  >>️

<< all rats diversify their choices across a set of options, which is reminiscent of observed behaviors such as, for example, bet-hedging in animals and financial portfolio strategies used by humans >>

️

<< results from similar experiments among different species might be of interest for the analysis of neurobiological substrates involved in decision-making and its evolutionary traits in the context of rare and extreme events. >>️

Mickael Degoulet, Louis-Matis Willem, et al. Decision-Making in Rats is Sensitive to Rare and Extreme Events: the Black Swan Avoidance. bioRxiv 10.1101/2021.11.01.466806v1. Nov 04, 2021. 

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466806v1

 Keywords: behav, game, decision-making, bet-hedging, trading, uncertainty, gain, loss, black swan 

# gst; apropos of hair that can be combed, some perturbation fields, along the event horizon of extreme black holes, seem to evolve in time indefinitely

 <<  black holes can be fully characterized by only three physical quantities: their mass, spin and charge. Since they have no additional "hairy" attributes to distinguish them, black holes are said to have "no hair"—Black holes of the same mass, spin, and charge are exactly identical to each other. >> 

AA << discovered that a special kind of black hole violates black hole uniqueness, the so-called "no hair" theorem. Specifically, the team studied extremal black holes—holes that are "saturated" with the maximum charge or spin they can possibly carry. They found that there is a quantity that can be constructed from the spacetime curvature at the black hole horizon that is conserved, and measurable by a distant observer. Since this quantity depends on how the black hole was formed, and not just on the three classical attributes, it violates black hole uniqueness. This quantity constitutes "gravitational hair" and potentially measurable by recent and upcoming gravitational wave observatories like LIGO and LISA. >>

<< even though external perturbations of extreme black holes decay as they do also for regular black holes, along the event horizon certain perturbation fields evolve in time indefinitely. >>

<< The uniqueness theorems assume time independence. But the Aretakis phenomenon explicitly violates time independence along the event horizon. This is the loophole through which the hair can pop out and be combed at a great distance by a gravitational wave observatory, >> Lior Burko.

Extreme black holes have hair that can be combed. Theiss Research. Jan 26, 2021.

https://phys.org/news/2021-01-extreme-black-holes-hair.html

Lior M. Burko, Gaurav Khanna, Subir Sabharwal. Scalar and gravitational hair for extreme Kerr black holes. Phys. Rev. D 103, L021502. Jan 26, 2021.

https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.L021502  

# life: landing on a swinging perch: peach-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) prefer extremes.

<< Birds frequently must land safely and accurately on moving branches or power lines, and seemingly accomplish such maneuvers with acrobatic precision. To examine how birds target and land successfully on moving supports, (AA) investigated how peach-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) approach and land on a swinging perch.  >>️

<< In support of (AA) hypothesis for stable landings, lovebirds timed their landings in a majority of trials (51.3%), when the perch was approaching either extreme of its motion with its velocity nearing zero (27.5% in the same direction as the bird’s approach – SDs, and 23.8% in the opposite direction to the bird’s approach – ODs). As a result, lovebirds exhibited a robust bimodal strategy for timing their landing to the phase of the swinging perch. Less commonly, lovebirds landed when the perch was moving at high velocity either toward the bird’s approach (12.3%) or in the same direction as the bird’s approach (11.5%); with the remainder (21.9%) of trials distributed over a broad range of swing phases. >>️

Partha S Bhagavatula, Andrew A. Biewener. Landing on a swinging perch: peach-faced lovebirds prefer extremes. biorxiv.org. Oct 8, 2024.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.21.604435v2

Also: behav, birds, extreme, jazz, Mr. Jelly Roll Morton, in: https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, birds, extreme,  behavior, behaviour, jazz, Mr. Jelly Roll Morton

# gst-ecol: around 'extreme dust scenarios'

they << saw an extreme dust scenario >>

Jim Robbins. Unraveling the surprising ecology of dust. Dec 1, 2017

https://m.phys.org/news/2017-12-unraveling-ecology.html

AA << developed a new snow albedo decay parameterization based on observations in 2009/10 to mimic the radiative forcing of extreme dust deposition >>

J. S. Deems, T. H. Painter, et al.  Combined impacts of current and future dust deposition and regional warming on Colorado River Basin snow dynamics and hydrology. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2013; 17: 4401-13. doi: org/10.5194/hess-17-4401-2013

https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/17/4401/2013/hess-17-4401-2013.html

S. McKenzie Skiles, Thomas H. Painter, et al. Regional variability in dust-on-snow processes and impacts in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Hydrological Processes. 2015; 29 (26); 5397–413. doi: 10.1002/hyp.10569. Jul 14, 2015

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.10569/abstract;jsessionid=?

Christopher M. Taylor, Danijel Belusic, et al. Frequency of extreme Sahelian storms tripled since 1982 in satellite observations. Nature 2017; 544: 475–8. doi:10.1038/nature22069.  Apr 27, 2017.

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature22069

FonT

una intrigante introduzione circa l'importanza, nelle prospettive ecologica e sanitaria, delle (caotiche) dinamiche di sbricio-lamento ...

# life: a case of extreme swing: clearly "He is not not" or vice versa "He is yes yes"

Jonathan Chait. Mueller: Trump Is Not Not a Criminal. 12:03 P.M.

http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/05/mueller-trump-is-not-not-a-criminal.html

<< I usually listen to music during my stressful work.  Today was Rage Against the Machine.  I am thinking Bey for tomorrow.  Suggestions? >>

Robert S. Mueller @VSpecialCounsel 5:17 AM  Aug 15, 2017.

https://mobile.twitter.com/VSpecialCounsel/status/897296036493840384

FonT

Ozzy Osbourne. Mister Crowley. (Blizzard of Ozz). (1:07:25)

https://youtu.be/_fY9I3ySSfs

<< Standing with their backs to the wall
Was it polemically sent?
I wanna know what you meant
I wanna know
I wanna know what you meant, yeah! >>

https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Crowley

# life: apropos of extreme swing (5); POTUSrace, he will accept a hypothetical defeat or, conversely, he will not

<< Joe Biden said Wednesday night that he believes if President Donald Trump loses the election and refuses to leave the White House, many of the former generals who used to work for him "will escort him from the White House with great dispatch." >>

<< "Mark my words I think he is gonna try to kick back the election somehow, come up with some rationale why it can't be held," Biden said in April. But the real danger here is not that Trump changes the date of the general election, which is virtually impossible, or that he seeks to claims squatter's rights in the White House. The thing that could threaten Biden's potential presidency -- and the ability of the country to move on from what will be one of the nastiest elections in modern history -- is if Trump simply refuses to admit he lost, never conceding that Biden is the fair-and-square president.>>

<< And it's very easy to imagine Trump -- with his 80-plus million Twitter followers and the potential that he would be the head of a TV network post-presidency -- beating the drum of illegitimacy day in and day out. Because, well, it is in his interest to do so and, as he has shown repeatedly during his presidency, he has very little regard for either the office or its status as a moral beacon within the country and the world. The result isn't hard to imagine: An even deeper divide within the country between the Trumpists and everyone else. >>

Chris Cillizza. Here's the real danger if Donald Trump loses the 2020 election. Updated 1513 GMT (2313 HKT) June 11, 2020.

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/11/politics/donald-trump-joe-biden-2020-election/index.html

Also (quasi-stochastic poetry)

2151 - a voting machine (to explain precisely). Notes. Jan 15, 2008.

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2008/01/2151-voting-machine-to-explain.html

# zoo: apropos of extreme dwarf entities, three new species of nano-hawk moths (Cautethia Grote, Sphingidae)

<< Hawk moths are known for being some of the largest night fliers in the insect world (..) three new species from The Bahamas are breaking records at the opposite end of the size spectrum. At about the length of a vitamin pill, they are among the smallest discovered. >>️

<< Hawk moths are a diverse group of insects, with some 1,700 species worldwide. In addition to their remarkable wingspans, they also have incredibly long proboscises, the straw-like tongues they use to siphon nectar.  The title for the world's longest proboscis is held by a hawk moth endemic to Madagascar, which comes in at just under 12 inches when fully unfurled. >>️

Brian V. Smith. New hawk moth species are among the smallest ever discovered. Florida Museum of Natural History. Jul 11, 2022. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-07-hawk-moth-species-smallest.html

Jacqueline Y. Miller, Deborah L. Matthews, Riley J. Gott. Three new species of Cautethia Grote (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from the Lucayan Archipelago and keys to West Indies species. Insecta Mundi. 0937,  1-28. Jun 24, 2022 (pdf).

https://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/0937_Miller_etal_2022.pdf

Also

Apropos of extreme dwarf entities, the nano-chameleon (Brookesia nana). FonT.  Feb 9, 2021.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2021/02/zoo-apropos-of-extreme-dwarf-entities.html

keyword 'nano' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=nano

keyword 'nano' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=nano

keywords: life, zoo, evol, dwarf, nano

# chem: extreme superconductive in random atomic-scale mixture

<< High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of materials that are composed of multiple transition-metal elements in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios >>

<< many HEAs have been found in disordered solid-solution phases with body-centered-cubic, hexagonal closest-packed, and face-centered-cubic crystal structures >>

<< In many respects, HEAs display novel properties, including ultrahigh fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures, excellent specific strength, and superior mechanical performance at high temperatures. In addition to their promising mechanical properties, some HEAs also exhibit interesting electronic properties: [TaNb]1−x(ZrHfTi)x HEAs were found to display superconductivity, for example >>

AA << report high-pressure studies on the superconducting HEA (TaNb)0.67(HfZrTi)0.33, [..] this alloy exhibits extraordinarily robust superconductivity - its zero-resistance superconducting state is still achieved even at a pressure of 190.6 GPa, or almost 2 megabars (1 Mbar = 1011 pascal), a pressure like that within the outer core of the earth. >>

Jing Guo, Honghong Wang, et al.  Robust zero resistance in a superconducting high-entropy alloy at pressures up to 190 GPa. PNAS 2017; 114 (50) 13144-7.  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1716981114.

http://www.pnas.org/content/114/50/13144

Laura Mgrdichian. A material that superconducts continuously up to extreme pressures.  Jan 17, 2018

https://m.phys.org/news/2018-01-material-superconducts-extreme-pressures.html

# n-socsci: by just two degrees Celsius ...

<< Global  warming  by  just  2  degrees  Celsius  is  likely  to  force  some  tropical  plant,  animal  and  human  populations  to  relocate  hundreds  of  miles  from their  current  homes  this  century >>

AA << foresee  dramatic  population  declines  in  Mexico,  Central  America,  Africa,  India  and  other  tropical locales  if  ecosystems  or  humans  move  due  to climate  change. In  their  analysis,  the  pair  used  a  model  to  demonstrate  how climate  dynamics  in  the  tropics  can  dramatically  magnify  the  consequences  of  climate change  as  it  is  experienced  on  the  ground.  This  means  even  small  climate  changes  can  have  dramatic  impacts. >>

AA << describe  climate-related  displacements  in  the  tropics  as  "an  almost  complete  evacuation  of  the  equatorial  band"  that  could impact  ecosystems  as  well  as  human  well-being. >>

Kathleen  Maclay. Climate  change  could  trigger  tropical  evacuations,  researchers  advise. June  10,  2016.

http://m.phys.org/news/2016-06-climate-trigger-tropical-evacuations.html

Solomon  M. Hsiang, Adam H. Sobel. Potentially  Extreme  Population Displacement  and  Concentration  in  the Tropics  Under  Non-Extreme  Warming. Scientific  Reports 6, Article  number: 25697 (2016) doi:10.1038/srep25697. Published  online: 09  June 2016.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep25697

# zoo; apropos of extreme dwarf entities, the nano-chameleon (Brookesia nana)

<< An international team, (..) has discovered a minuscule new species of chameleon.  (..) They have named the new species Brookesia nana. >>

 << At a body length of just 13.5 mm and a total length of just 22 mm including the tail, the male nano-chameleon is the smallest known male of all 'higher vertebrates' >> Frank Glaw.

<< Unfortunately, the habitat of the Nano-Chameleon is under heavy pressure from deforestation, but the area has recently been designated as a protected area, and hopefully that will enable this tiny new chameleon to survive, >> Oliver Hawlitschek.

Meet the nano-chameleon, a new contender for the title of world's smallest reptile. Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns. Feb 01, 2021. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-02-nano-chameleon-contender-title-world-smallest.html    

Glaw, F., Kohler, J., Hawlitschek, O. et al. Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons. Sci Rep 11, 2522. doi: 10.1038/ s41598-020-80955-1. Jan 28,  2021.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-80955-1 

# gst: apropos of elusive interference effects (at the nanoscale)

AA << investigate and characterize a subspace of the weak coupling regime between quasidiscrete and quasicontinuum localized surface plasmon resonances where infrared plasmonic Fano antiresonances appear.  >>

Kevin C. Smith, Agust Olafsson, et al.  Direct Observation of Infrared Plasmonic Fano Antiresonances by a Nanoscale Electron Probe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 177401. 21 Oct 21,  2019. 

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.177401

<< In 1961, atomic physicist Ugo Fano theorized that electrons harbor another and unexpected talent: They can interfere with themselves as they simultaneously take two different quantum-mechanical paths. On one path, they jump within the atom between discrete energy states. On the other path, they jump off the atom into the continuum of free space. >>

<< Fano described a complicated-and even counterintuitive-type of energy transfer that can occur in these systems, (..) It's like having two children on neighboring swings that are weakly coupled to each other: You push one child, but that swing isn't the one that moves. Instead, the other child's swing moves due to this interference. It's a one-way energy transfer. >> David Masiello.

Team uses golden 'lollipop' to observe elusive interference effect at the nanoscale. University of Washington. 

 Nov 8, 2019.

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-11-team-golden-lollipop-elusive-effect.html

# cvd: oops! so (maybe) high levels of hdl cho (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) don't seem so good ...

<< Men and women in the general population with extreme high HDL cholesterol paradoxically have high all-cause mortality. These findings need confirmation in other studies >>

Madsen CM, Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG.  Extreme high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is paradoxically associated with high mortality in men and women: two prospective cohort studies. Eur Heart J. Apr 12, 2017. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx163.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28419274

Philip J. Barter, Kerry-Anne Rye; HDL cholesterol concentration or HDL function: which matters? European Heart Journal, Volume 38, Issue 32, 21 August 2017, Pages 2487–2489, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx274

https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-abstract/38/32/2487/3835607/HDL-cholesterol-concentration-or-HDL-function

High levels of 'good' cholesterol linked to excessive mortality. Aug 23, 2017

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170823094124.htm

more

("high-density lipoprotein cholesterol"[ALL] OR "HDL-lipoprotein cholesterol"[ALL]) AND "mortality"[ALL]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=((%22high-density+lipoprotein+cholesterol%22%5BALL%5D+OR+%22HDL-lipoprotein+cholesterol%22%5BALL%5D))+AND+(%22mortality%22+%5BALL%5D)

# gst: shape-shifting dynamics; tiny evolutionary changes have turned a tongue into a fast elastic recoil mech (in salamanders)

<< relatively minor changes in the musculoskeletal morphology of the tongue apparatus and in the timing of muscle activation have, through evolutionary time, transformed a muscle-powered system with modest performance and high thermal sensitivity into a spring-powered system with extreme performance and thermal robustness, in parallel in both major groups of this largest family of salamanders. High performance and thermal robustness evolve together, indicating they are both properties of the same elastic-recoil, "bow-and-arrow" mechanism. Similar evolutionary patterns may be found in other ectothermic animals with extreme performance. >>

Stephen M. Deban, Jeffrey A. Scales, et al. Evolution of a high-performance and functionally robust musculoskeletal system in salamanders. PNAS. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1921807117. Apr 27, 2020.

https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/04/21/1921807117

Bob Yirka. Minor evolutionary changes helped transform the salamander tongue into a fast elastic recoil mechanism. Apr 28, 2020.

https://phys.org/news/2020-04-minor-evolutionary-salamander-tongue-fast.html

Also

keyword 'tiny' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=tiny

# rmx-s-ecol: concerning waves ...

<< Extreme heatwaves may hit Europe in the short term >>

https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/news/extreme-heatwaves-may-hit-europe-short-term

Simone Russo, Jana Sillmann and Erich M Fischer. Top ten European heatwaves since 1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades. Publ 27 Nov 2015  IOP Publishing Ltd. Environmental Research Letters, Volume 10, Number 12

http://m.iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124003

# s-evol: to tolerate 'extreme dehydration'

<< LEEDS Research  at  the  University  of  Leeds  has  identified  a  key  gene  that  assisted  the  transition  of  plants  from water  to  the  land  around  500  million  years  ago. The  ANR gene  is  required  to  tolerate  'extreme  dehydration'  in  the  moss  Physcomitrella  patens >>

<< This  gene  hadn't  been  identified  so  far  because  most research  until  now  has  focused  on  modern  flowering  plants. Ancient  plants  such  as  mosses  and  green  algae  are  'time  machines'  that  help  us  to  reveal  evolutionary secrets  that  changed  the  world >> Dr  Andrew  Cuming.

How plants  conquered  the  land. Public  Release: 19-May-2016

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-05/uol-hpc051916.php

Sean  Ross  Stevenson, Yasuko  Kamisugi, et al. Genetic analysis of Physcomitrella patens identifies ABSCISIC ACID NON-RESPONSIVE (ANR), a regulator of ABA responses unique to basal land plants and required for desiccation tolerance. The  Plant  Cell May  18,  2016 May  18,  2016,  doi: tpc.00091.2016

http://m.plantcell.org/content/early/2016/05/18/tpc.16.00091

# gst: the hypothesis of the onset of extreme events via an attractor merging crisis.

AA << investigate the temporal dynamics of the Ikeda Map with Balanced Gain and Loss and in the presence of feedback loops with saturation nonlinearity. From the bifurcation analysis, (They) find that the temporal evolution of optical power undergoes period quadrupling at the exceptional point (EP) of the system and beyond that, chaotic dynamics emerge in the system and this has been further corroborated from the Largest Lyapunov Exponent (LLE) of the model. >>

<< For a closer inspection, (AA) analyzed the parameter basin of the system, which further leads to (their) inference that the Ikeda Map with Balanced Gain and Loss exhibits the emergence of chaotic dynamics beyond the exceptional point (EP). >>

<< Furthermore, (AA) find that the temporal dynamics beyond the EP regime leads to the onset of Extreme Events (EE) in this system via attractor merging crisis. >>️

Jyoti Prasad Deka, Amarendra K. Sarma. Temporal Dynamics beyond the Exceptional Point in the Ikeda Map with Balanced Gain and Loss. arXiv: 2406.17783 [eess.SP]. May 13, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.17783 

Also: chaos, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, chaos, chaotic dynamics, attractor merging crisis