# gst: breakup of Janus droplet in a bifurcating microchannel

<< Droplet breakup is frequently observed in natural and industrial processes (..)  Although valuable insights on the breakup mechanisms of single-phase droplets in microchannels have been provided over the past decades, the breakup physics of complex emulsions is still poorly understood. >>️

<< Spatially asymmetric Janus microdroplets, distinct from single-phase or double emulsion droplets possessing one uniform interface with the ambient phase, are anticipated to show unique breakup behaviors, which has not been explored.  >>️

AA << conduct both microfluidic experiments and three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations to investigate the dynamic breakup of ionic liquid (IL)-water Janus droplets in an assembled 3D-printed microchannel with a bifurcation. >>️

<< Three different flow regimes are identified: (i) division into two daughter Janus droplets, (ii) breakup into a single-phase droplet and a smaller Janus droplet, and (iii) nonbreakup.  >>️

AA << find that the strong constraint effect of the main channel and large Ca_av (average capillary numbers) values are essential to the symmetrical breakup of Janus droplets. The tunnel between the mother droplet and the wall of the main channel, which allows the lateral shift of the Janus droplet, and moderate flow rates facilitate the breakup of the IL single-phase portion of Janus droplets.  >>

<< Through 90° rotation of the splitting microchannel, (AA) elucidate the distinctions in Janus droplet behaviors under two baffle orientations. Potential impacts of the oblique flow characteristic of [bmim]⁢Fe⁢Cl4-water Janus droplets on the droplet breakup are discussed. >>️

️

Hao Wang, Shiteng Wang, et al. Dynamic breakup of Janus droplet in a bifurcating microchannel. Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 064203. Jun 11, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.064203 

Also: 'Janus' in FonT https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=janus

Also: 'drop', 'droplet', 'droploid', in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, Janus, drop, droplet, droploid

# life: the 'built-in float' of an ancient marine predator

<< About 240 million years ago, when reptiles ruled the ocean, a small lizard-like predator floated near the bottom of the edges in shallow water, picking off prey with fang-like teeth. >>

<< Our analysis of two well-preserved skeletons reveals a reptile with a broad, pachyostotic body (denser boned) and a very short, flattened tail. A long tail can be used to flick through the water, generating thrust, but the new species we've identified was probably better suited to hanging out near the bottom in shallow sea, using its short, flattened tail for balance, like an underwater float, allowing it to preserve energy while searching for prey, >> Qing-Hua Shang.

<< Perhaps this small, slow-swimming marine reptile had to be vigilante for large predators as it floated in the shallows, as well as being a predator itself, >> Xiao-Chun Wu.

Taylor & Francis. Ancient marine predator had a built-in float. Oct 28, 2020. 

https://phys.org/news/2020-10-ancient-marine-predator-built-in.html

Qing-Hua Shang, Xiao-Chun Wu, Chun Li. A New Ladinian Nothosauroid (Sauropterygia) from Fuyuan, Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi: 10.1080/ 02724634.2020.1789651. Oct 29, 2020.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02724634.2020.1789651  

# gst: even a single bubble can produce creative musical outcomes

<< Producing original and arranging existing musical outcomes is an art that takes years of learning and practice to master. Yet, despite the constant advances in the field of AI-powered musical creativity, production of quality musical outcomes remains a prerogative of the humans. Here we demonstrate that a single bubble in water can be used to produce creative musical outcomes, when it nonlinearly oscillates under an acoustic pressure signal that encodes a piece of classical music. >>️

Ivan S. Maksymov. Musical creativity enabled by nonlinear oscillations of a bubble in water. arXiv:2304.00822v1 [cs.SD]. Apr 3, 2023. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.00822

keyword "bubble" in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=bubble

Keywords: gst, ai, fluid dynamics, bubble, sound, music, audio processing

# gst: when a soliton juggles ('catches' and 'throws') droplets

<< Jugglers normally work with solid objects, but a research team has now demonstrated a system that juggles liquid drops. (AA)  have previously shown that liquid drops can bounce in place above the surface of the same liquid—or bounce while moving across the surface—if the container is continuously vibrated (..) In these past experiments, the surface was nearly flat, except for waves generated by the bouncing drop. In the new work by undergraduate student Camila Sandivari of the University of Chile and her colleagues, the vibrations cause the liquid surface to form a large standing wave that actively “catches” and “throws” the drop during each cycle of its oscillation. The trapping of the drop is similar in principle to other types of wave traps, such as laser-based optical tweezers, and the system could potentially lead to new types of traps for larger objects. >>

AA << placed water mixed with a dye and a surface-tension-reducing agent in a 20-cm-long, 2.6-cm-wide basin that supports an unusual type of surface wave when the basin is vibrated in a specific frequency range. In this wave, rather than a series of oscillating peaks and valleys, there is only a single standing wave peak, called a soliton. However, this peak doesn’t oscillate uniformly across the basin’s short dimension (the width). A peak appears at one of the long walls coincident with a valley at the opposite wall, and then the peak and the valley switch places moments later, keeping a relatively flat “node” line along the central long axis of the basin. >>

AA << used a pipette to place a few-millimeter-wide drop of the same fluid just above the oscillating soliton, close to one of the long walls, and found that drops could be juggled for up to 90 minutes. The team attributes this unusual stability in part to a property of the soliton: if the drop wanders off-center, the oscillating surface wave pulls it back toward its center, similar to the way the laser field in optical tweezers is able to stably hold a small particle at its center. >>

David Ehrenstein. Juggling Water Drops. Physics 16, 21. Feb 10, 2023. 

https://physics.aps.org/articles/v16/21

Also

keyword 'drop' | 'droplet' | 'droploids' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=drop

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=droplet

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=droploids

keyword 'goccia' in Notes 

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=goccia

keyword 'solitons' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=soliton

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=solitons

Keywords: gst, solitons, drop, droplet, droploids, goccia

# s-chem: a metal that behaves like water

<<  graphene’s two-dimensional, honeycomb structure acts like an electron superhighway in which all the particles have to travel in the same lane. The electrons in this ultra-clean graphene act like massless relativistic objects, some with positive charge and some with negative charge. They move at incredible speed — 1/300 of the speed of light — and have been predicted to collide with each other ten trillion times a second at room temperature.  These intense interactions between charge particles have never been observed in an ordinary metal before >>

<< When the strongly interacting particles in graphene were driven by an electric field, they behaved not like individual particles but like a fluid that could be described by hydrodynamics >>

http://www.kurzweilai.net/a-black-hole-on-a-chip-made-of-a-metal-that-behaves-like-water

Jesse Crossno, Jing K. Shi, et al. Observation of the Dirac fluid and the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz law in graphene. Science 11 Feb 2016 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0343

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2016/02/10/science.aad0343

# gst: chemical waves exhibit fascinating patterns

<< Waves are known in many very different forms; as water waves, light waves or sound waves. But here we are dealing with something quite different - chemical waves >>

<< Typically, one imagines a chemical reaction like this: from specific initial reactants one obtains specific final products. But it does not need to be as simple as that. Self-sustaining oscillations may occur, i.e. periodic changes between two different states >>

<< On a polycrystalline surface, there are then different regions in which the cyclical process occurs at different frequencies. It is precisely this effect that creates those fascinating wave patterns. When a chemical wave moves across the surface and passes from the edge of one grain of crystal to another, it speeds up or slows down, similar to light passing from the air to water.  This changes the complex spiral wave structures according to the particular orientation of the grain surface >>

Vienna University of Technology. Chemical waves guide to catalysts of the future. Feb 20, 2018.

https://m.phys.org/news/2018-02-chemical-catalysts-future.html

Yuri Suchorski, Martin Datler, et al. Visualizing catalyst heterogeneity by a multifrequential oscillating reaction. Nature Communication. 2018; 9 (600). doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03007-3. Feb 9,  2018.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03007-3

# s-ecol-food: lettuce three times worse ?

<< Contrary to recent headlines (..) eating a vegetarian diet could contribute to climate change >>

<< Eating lettuce is over three times worse in greenhouse gas emissions than eating bacon >>

http://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2015/december/diet-and-environment.html

<< This article measures the changes in energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with shifting from current US food consumption patterns to three dietary scenarios >>

Michelle S. Tom, Paul S. Fischbeck, Chris T. Hendrickson. Energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions for current food consumption patterns and dietary recommendations in the US. Environment Systems and Decisions, 2015; DOI: 10.1007/s10669-015-9577-y

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10669-015-9577-y

# gst: apropos of 'transitions', liquid-liquid transitions within a one- component system

<< For a long time, the liquid state of pure substances was believed to be a continuous state in which the component atoms or molecules are all equivalent. However, it has now been widely shown that there can be multiple phases within liquids, even those containing only one component. >>

AA << have devised a model based on two factors that describe the ordering of the liquid; the density, and the local organization of the liquid atoms or molecules at a particular point. >>

<< Our Ginzburg-Landau-type model evaluates the system using two order parameters; one that is conserved-density; and one that is not- local structural order (..) What we found was that the growth of the liquid domain we studied was affected by density changes that cause hydrodynamic fluctuations. >> Kyohei Takae.

<< It was shown that when the density changes as a result of the phase transition, hydrodynamic flow is induced leading to changes in both the rate of domain growth and the long-range interaction between the domains. Hydrodynamic interaction was therefore found to be critical to LLT (liquid-liquid transitions) and the pattern evolution and kinetics. >>

But what about flow? The effect of hydrodynamics on liquid-liquid transitions. University of Tokyo. Feb 10, 2020.

https://phys.org/news/2020-02-effect-hydrodynamics-liquid-liquid-transitions.html

Kyohei Takae, Hajime Tanaka. Role of hydrodynamics in liquid–liquid transition of a single-component substance. PNAS. 117 (9) 4471-4479. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1911544117. Mar 3, 2020.

https://www.pnas.org/content/117/9/4471

Also

more on the weirdness of water, "T" and "non-T" Tetrahedral arrangements. Feb 5, 2020. 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2020/02/chem-more-on-weirdness-of-water-t-and.html

Also

keyword 'transition/al' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=transition

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=transitional

keyword 'transizione/i' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizione

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizioni

keyword 'transizionale/i' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizionale

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=transizionali

# gst: reconfiguration and oscillations of sheets subject to vortex

<< The dynamics of a thin low-density polyethylene sheet subject to periodic forcing due to Bénard-Kàrmàn vortices in a long narrow water channel is investigated here. In particular, the time-averaged sheet deflection and its oscillation amplitude are considered. >>

<< The former is first illustrated to be well-approximated by the static equilibrium between the buoyancy force, the elastic restoring force, and the profile drag based on the depth-averaged water speed. >>

AA << observations also indicate that the presence of upstream vortices hinder the overall reconfiguration effect, well-known in an otherwise steady flow. For the sheet-tip oscillations, a simple model based on a torsional-spring-mounted flat plate correctly captures the measured tip amplitude δb over a wide range of sheet physical properties and flow conditions. >>

<< Furthermore, a rich phenomenology of structural dynamics including vortex-forced-vibration, lock-in with the sheet natural frequency, and flow-induced vibration due to the sheet wake, multiple-frequency, and modal response is reported. >>

️

J. John Soundar Jerome, Yohann Bachelier, et al. Reconfiguration and oscillations of a vertical, cantilevered sheet subject to vortex shedding behind a cylinder. Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 093801. Sep 15, 2023. 

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.093801

Also: vortex, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: gst, sheet, vortex, Benard-Karman vortices

# gst: fingerprints of reality (2): the stormquake

AA << find that during large storms such as hurricanes and Nor'easters the interaction of long‐period ocean waves with shallow seafloor features located near the edge of continental shelves, known as ocean banks, excites coherent transcontinental Rayleigh wave packets in the 20 to 50 s period band. These "stormquakes" migrate coincident with the storms, but are effectively spatiotemporally focused seismic point sources with equivalent earthquake magnitudes that can be greater than 3.5. >>

Wenyuan Fan, Jeffrey J. McGuire, et al. Stormquakes. Geophysical Research Letters. Oct 14, 2019.    https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL084217  

Strong storms generating earthquake-like seismic activity. Florida State University. Oct 15, 2019.    https://m.phys.org/news/2019-10-strong-storms-earthquake-like-seismic.html 

Also  

fingerprints of reality: water drops that vibrate, flames that oscillate, and viscous fluids that form rivulets ...

FonT.  Dec 9, 2018.    https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2018/12/gst-fingerprints-of-reality-water-drops.html   

# rmx-s-chem: a bizarre material

<< lanthanum aluminate film on a strontinum titanate crystal >> ... plus water

<< (..) a mysterious material emits ultraviolet light and has insulating, electrical conducting, semiconducting, superconducting, and ferromagnetic properties — all controlled by surface water >>

http://www.kurzweilai.net/mystery-material-stuns-scientists

Mohammad A. Islam, Diomedes Saldana-Greco,  et al.  Surface Chemically Switchable Ultraviolet Luminescence from Interfacial Two-Dimensional Electron Gas. Nano Letters, 2015; DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04461

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04461

# gst: apropos of transitions, tsunami waves generated by granular collapses.

<< Tsunami waves induced by landslides are a threat to human activities and safety along coastal areas. In this paper, (AA) characterize experimentally the waves generated by the gravity-driven collapse of a dry granular column into water. Three nonlinear wave regimes are identified depending on the Froude number Fr_f based on the ratio of the velocity of the advancing granular front and the velocity of linear gravity waves in shallow water: transient bores for large Fr_f, solitary waves for intermediate values of Fr_f, and nonlinear transition waves at small Fr_f. >>️

Wladimir Sarlin, Cyprien Morize, et al. Nonlinear regimes of tsunami waves generated by a granular collapse.    

Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 919, R6. doi:10.1017/ jfm.2021.400. May 28, 2021. 

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/abs/nonlinear-regimes-of-tsunami-waves-generated-by-a-granular-collapse/3F38B26548B891FA9AE8A4018FF992A4#

James Badham. The Science of tsunamis. University of California. Santa Barbara. Jun 21, 2021. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210621160524.htm

Froude number (Fr_f)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froude_number

Also

keyword 'grain' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=grain

keyword 'grani' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=grani

keyword 'waves' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=waves

keyword 'onda' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=onda

# gst: collapse of a toroidal bubble inducing shock waves

<< When bubbles collapse near a wall, they typically experience an asymmetric deformation. This collapse leads to the creation of a jet that strikes the bubble interface, causing the formation of a toroidal bubble and the subsequent release of a water-hammer shock. >>️

AA << findings demonstrate that shock waves emitted from the toroidal bubble consistently propagate toward the central axis of the torus, resulting in significant pressure shocks along the axis, similar to the water-hammer shock formed during the collapse of a spherical bubble. >>️

<< In contrast, weak pressure waves are generated in the transverse directions, leading to relatively weaker pressure peaks. Furthermore, the wall-pressure peak induced by the toroidal bubble is approximately three times higher than that induced by the spherical bubble. >>️

Cheng Liu, Xiaobin Yang, et al. Investigations on the shock wave induced by collapse of a toroidal bubble. Phys. Rev. E 110, 015103. Jul 16, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.015103

Also: bubble, drop, waves, collapse, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bubble, drop, waves, collapse

# gst: apropos of clogging and jamming, they are not really jammed, they move steadily, if slowly, downwards

<< The first study of the way logs become pinned in rivers reveals that those seemingly trapped in a logjam move steadily, if slowly, downriver. >>

<< One of the lesser-known consequences of forest fires is logjams—river channels clogged with wood. The mechanism is straightforward. Forest fires create vast areas of dead wood. During the winter, heavy snow leads to avalanches that push thousands of the burned logs to the bottom of river valleys, where they enter the water. When the logs stretch across the river, from bank to bank, the river can no longer flow. It is this formation that has long captured the public imagination: the word "logjam" has come to mean a situation in which movement, physical or otherwise, is impossible. >>

Logjams aren’t really jammed at all, say geoscientists. Tech Rev - Emerging Technology from the arXiv. Nov 19, 2019

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614724/logjams-arent-really-jammed-at-all-say-geoscientists/

Nakul S. Deshpande, Benjamin T. Crosby. Logjams are not jammed: measurements of log motions in Big Creek, Idaho. arXiv:1911.01518v1 [physics.geo-ph]. Nov 4, 2019.

https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01518

s-ecol: inflatable poo emojis (onto Lake Ohakuri) to underline new standards

<< Protesters from the Action Station group launched 50 inflatable poo emojis onto Lake Ohakuri on the Waikato River near to where the ruling National Party was holding a conference, to highlight new standards which it says would mean more contaminants in freshwater, the New Zealand Herald reports >>

'Poo protest' against New Zealand government. 7 May 2017

http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-39835394

https://twitter.com/BBCNewsAsia/status/861165092280438788

Russell Blackstock. Flotilla of  inflatable poos launched by water protesters. Sat. 06  May 2017.

http://m.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11851116

# biochem: how an artificial enzyme can convert solar energy into hydrogen gas

<< Hydrogen gas has long been noted as a promising energy carrier, but its production is still dependent on fossil raw materials. Renewable hydrogen gas can be extracted from water, but as yet the systems for doing so have limitations. In the new article, published in the journal Energy and Environmental Science, an interdisciplinary European research group led by Uppsala University scientists describe how artificial enzymes convert solar energy into hydrogen gas. >>

Artificial enzymes convert solar energy into hydrogen gas. Uppsala University.
Oct 4, 2018.

https://m.phys.org/news/2018-10-artificial-enzymes-solar-energy-hydrogen.html 

Adam Wegelius, Namita Khanna, et al. Generation of a functional, semisynthetic [FeFe]-hydrogenase in a photosynthetic microorganism. Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 1754-5692  doi:  10.1039/C8EE01975D. Sep 25, 2018.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2018/EE/C8EE01975D#!divAbstract

# gst: apropos of transitions, evaporating binary microdroplets with phase segregation

<< Phase segregation triggered by selective evaporation can emerge in multicomponent systems, leading to complex physiochemical hydrodynamics. Recently, Li et al. (2018) and Kim & Stone (2018) reported a segregative behavior (i.e., demixing) in an evaporating binary droplet. In this work, by means of experiments and theoretical analysis, (AA) investigate the flow dynamics after the occurrence of the phase segregation. >>

<< First, (AA) experimentally reveal the overall physiochemical hydrodynamics of the evaporation process, including the segregative behavior and the resulting flow structure close to the substrate. By quantifying the evolution of the radial flow, (they) identify three successive life stages of the evaporation process. >>

<< At Stage I, a radially outward flow is observed. It is driven by the Marangoni effect. At the transition to Stage II, the radial flow partially reverses, starting from the contact line. This flow breaks the axial symmetry and remarkably is driven by the segregation itself. Finally at Stage III, the flow decays as the evaporation gradually ceases. At this stage the segregation has grown to the entire droplet, and the flow is again controlled by the Marangoni effect. The resulting Marangoni flow homogenizes the distribution of the entrapped volatile water over the whole droplet. >>️

Yaxing Li, Pengyu Lv, et al. Physiochemical hydrodynamics of the phase segregation in an evaporating binary microdroplet.arXiv:2208.07861v1 [physics.flu-dyn]  Aug 16, 2022.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.07861

Marangoni effect. 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marangoni_effect   

https://youtu.be/vGb6t5Gfq6s   

Also

keyword 'drop' | 'droplet' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=drop

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=droplet

Keywords: gst, droplet, transition, evaporation, phase transition, phase segregation, Marangoni flow

# gst: apropos of weak bonds, hydrophobic cohesion to stabilize the double helix of DNA

<< The main stabilizer of the DNA double helix is not the base-pair hydrogen bonds but coin-pile stacking of base pairs, whose hydrophobic cohesion, requiring abundant water, indirectly makes the DNA interior dry so that hydrogen bonds can exert full recognition power. (..) (AA) speculate that hydrophobic catalysis is a general phenomenon in DNA enzymes. >>

<< The forces that stabilize the DNA double helix are a prerequisite for the secure storage of genetic information but their modest strength is also necessary for the efficient processes of replication, transcription, recombination, and repair systems-wherein thermal fluctuations, or "breathing," play an important role >>

Bobo Feng, Robert P. Sosa, et al. Hydrophobic catalysis and a potential biological role of DNA unstacking induced by environment effects. PNAS.  116 (35) 17169-17174; Aug 27, 2019.  doi: 10.1073/ pnas.1909122116.    https://www.pnas.org/content/116/35/17169

DNA is held together by hydrophobic forces. Chalmers University of Technology. Sep 23, 2019.     https://m.phys.org/news/2019-09-dna-held-hydrophobic.html   

# art: nature as a bizarre artist, the self-sculpted Sphinx.

<< There is evidence that the Great Sphinx was a natural landform before its surface features were chiseled by the ancient Egyptians. Is this controversial theory plausible? >>

AA << carried out experiments on the fluid mechanical erosion of clay. Based on accounts of the nonuniform composition of the Sphinx, we tested the effect of hard inclusions within hillocks of softer clay. The flow of a water tunnel mimics the prevailing winds of Giza, and three-dimensional optical scanning records the history and evolution of the shape as it erodes. >>

<< These results show what ancient peoples may have encountered in the deserts of Egypt and why they envisioned a fantastic creature. >>️

️

Samuel Boury, Scott Weady, Leif Ristroph. Sculpting the Sphinx. Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 110503. Nov 16, 2023.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.110503

https://gfm.aps.org/meetings/dfd-2022/6323dcaf199e4c2c0873fad7

Also: brain, perception, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: art, sculpt, Sphinx, erosion, fluid mechanical erosion, brain, mind, perceptions.

# brain AI bots: a hypothetical model for exploratory bots, the pulsating perceptions of mantis shrimps

AA << examined the neuronal organization of mantis shrimp, which are among the top predatory animals of coral reefs and other shallow warm water environments. >>

They << discovered a region of the mantis shrimp brain they called the reniform ("kidney-shaped") body. The discovery sheds new light on how the crustaceans may process and integrate visual information with other sensory input. >>

<< Mantis shrimp sport the most complex visual system of any living animal. They are unique in that they have a pair of eyes that move independently of each other, each with stereoscopic vision and possessing a band of photoreceptors that can distinguish up to 12 different wavelengths as well as linear and circular polarized light.  >>

<< One of the study's crucial findings was that neural connections link the reniform bodies to centers called mushroom bodies, iconic structures of arthropod brains that are required for olfactory learning and memory. >>

<< The fact that we were now able to demonstrate that the reniform body is also connected to the mushroom body and provides information to it, suggests that olfactory processing may take place in the context of already established visual memories, >> Nicholas Strausfeld.

How mantis shrimp make sense of the world. University of Arizona.  Nov 25, 2019. 

https://m.phys.org/news/2019-11-mantis-shrimp-world.html

Hanne Halkinrud Thoen, Gabriella Hannah Wolff, et al. The reniform body: An integrative lateral protocerebral neuropil complex of Eumalacostraca identified in Stomatopoda and Brachyura. Journal of Comparative Neurology. doi: 10.1002/cne.24788. Oct 16, 2019.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cne.24788

FonT

these neural models could be reproduced for "compassionate" (or even "bonobos") bots, but NEVER for "nfulaw" purposes, please

keyword  "nfulaw" in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=nfulaw