<< Spontaneous emergence of organized states in materials driven by non-equilibrium conditions is of notable fundamental and technological interest. In many cases, the states are complex, and their emergence is challenging to predict. Here, (AA) show that an unexpectedly diverse collection of dissipative organized states emerges in a simple system of two liquids under planar confinement when driven by electrohydrodynamic shearing.
At low shearing, a symmetry breaking at the liquid-liquid interface leads to a one-dimensional corrugation pattern.
At slightly stronger shearing, topological changes give raise to the emergence of Quincke rolling filaments, filament networks, and two-dimensional bicontinuous fluidic lattices.
At strong shearing, the system transitions into dissipating polygonal, toroidal, and active droplets that form dilute gas-like states at low densities and complex active emulsions at higher densities. >>
Geet Raju, Nikos Kyriakopoulos, Jaakko V. I. Timonen. Diversity of non-equilibrium patterns and emergence of activity in confined electrohydrodynamically driven liquids. Science Advances. Vol 7, Issue 38. doi: 10.1126/ sciadv.abh1642. 15 Sep 15, 2021.
<< Things in equilibrium tend to be quite boring, (..) It's fascinating to drive systems out of equilibrium and see if the non-equilibrium structures can be controlled or be useful. Biological life itself is a good example of truly complex behavior in a bunch of molecules that are out of thermodynamic equilibrium. >> Jaakko Timonen.
Physicists make square droplets and liquid lattices. Aalto University. Sep 15, 2021.
Also
keyword 'drop' | 'droplet' in FonT
keyword 'goccia' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry):
keywords: gst, drop, droplet, lattice, transition, out of equilibrium.
