# gst: apropos of adaptation of simple organisms to changing environments, self-organization and memory in a disordered entity to random driving.

AA << consider self-organization and memory formation in a mesoscopic model of an amorphous solid subject to a protocol of random shear confined to a strain range ±𝜖max. (They) develop proper readout protocols to show that the response of the driven system self-organizes to retain a memory of the strain range, which can be subsequently retrieved. >>

AA << findings generalize previous results obtained upon oscillatory driving and suggest that self-organization and memory formation of disordered materials can emerge under more general conditions, such as a disordered system interacting with its fluctuating environment. Self-organization results in a correlation between the dynamics of the system and its environment, providing thereby an elementary mechanism for sensing. >>

AA << conclude by discussing (Their)  results and their potential relevance for the adaptation of simple organisms lacking a brain to changing environments. >>

Muhittin Mungan, Dheeraj Kumar, et al. Self-Organization and Memory in a Disordered Solid Subject to Random Driving. Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 178203. April 30, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.178203

arXiv: 2409.17096v2 [cond-mat.soft]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17096

Also: disorder & fluctuations, 

self-assembly, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, disorder, fluctuations, self-assembly, self-organization, transitions

# aibot: I think, therefore I hallucinate: minds, machines, and the art of being wrong.

<< This theoretical work examines 'hallucinations' in both human cognition and large language models, comparing how each system can produce perceptions or outputs that deviate from reality. Drawing on neuroscience and machine learning research, (AA) highlight the predictive processes that underlie human and artificial thought. >>

<< In humans, complex neural mechanisms interpret sensory information under uncertainty, sometimes filling in gaps and creating false perceptions. This inference occurs hierarchically: higher cortical levels send top-down predictions to lower-level regions, while mismatches (prediction errors) propagate upward to refine the model. LLMs, in contrast, rely on auto-regressive modeling of text and can generate erroneous statements in the absence of robust grounding. >>

<< Despite these different foundations - biological versus computational - the similarities in their predictive architectures help explain why hallucinations occur. (AA) propose that the propensity to generate incorrect or confabulated responses may be an inherent feature of advanced intelligence. In both humans and AI, adaptive predictive processes aim to make sense of incomplete information and anticipate future states, fostering creativity and flexibility, but also introducing the risk of errors. (Their) analysis illuminates how factors such as feedback, grounding, and error correction affect the likelihood of 'being wrong' in each system. (AA) suggest that mitigating AI hallucinations (e.g., through improved training, post-processing, or knowledge-grounding methods) may also shed light on human cognitive processes, revealing how error-prone predictions can be harnessed for innovation without compromising reliability. By exploring these converging and divergent mechanisms, the paper underscores the broader implications for advancing both AI reliability and scientific understanding of human thought. >>️

Sebastian Barros. I Think, Therefore I Hallucinate: Minds, Machines, and the Art of Being Wrong. arXiv: 2503.05806v1 [q-bio.NC]. 4 Mar 4, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05806

Also: brain, curiosity, novelty, uncertainty, error, mistake, jazz, ai (artificial intell), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: brain, cognition, perceptions, curiosity, novelty, hallucinations, errors, prediction, prediction errors, error-prone predictions, AI, artificial intelligence, LLMs

# game: strategic decision making in biological and artificial brains.

Figure 4: Cooperation rates across different learning scenarios in Agent vs. Agent experiments. 

(a) Constrained learning using cooperation (high initial variability) 

(b) Constrained learning using defection (high initial variability) 

(c) Constrained learning using cooperation (low variability) 

(d) Constrained learning using defection (low variability) 

(e) Unconstrained learning.

(...)

<< The aim of (AA) paper is twofold. First, it seeks to uncover the algorithms that humans and other animals employ for learning in decision-making strategies within non-zero-sum games, specifically focusing on fully observable iterated prisoner’s dilemma scenarios. Second, it aims to develop a new model to explain strategic decision-making which reflects previous neurobiological findings showing that different brain circuits are responsible for self-referential processing and understanding others. The model stems from the actor-critic framework and incorporates multiple critics to allow for distinct processing of both self and others’ state. >>

AA << validate the biological plausibility and transferability of (Their) algorithm through comparisons with experimental data from human on the iterated prisoner’s dilemma game. >>️

Anushka Deshpande. Strategic Decision Making in Biological and Artificial Brains. biorxiv. doi: 10.1101/ 2025.02.17.638746. Feb 24, 2025.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.17.638746v1

Also: behav, game, tit-for-tat, brain, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: behavior, games, tit-for-tat, brain 

# behav: locomotion-dependent auditory gating to the parietal cortex guides multisensory decisions

<< Decision-making in mammals fundamentally relies on integrating multiple sensory inputs, with conflicting information resolved flexibly based on a dominant sensory modality. However, the neural mechanisms underlying state-dependent changes in sensory dominance remain poorly understood. >>

 AA << study demonstrates that locomotion in mice shifts auditory-dominant decisions toward visual dominance during audiovisual conflicts. Using circuit-specific calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulations, (They) found that weakened visual representation in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) leads to auditory-dominant decisions in stationary mice. >>

<< Prolonged locomotion, however, promotes visual dominance by inhibiting auditory cortical neurons projecting to the PPC (ACPPC). This shift is mediated by secondary motor cortical neurons projecting to the auditory cortex (M2AC), which specifically inhibit ACPPC neurons without affecting auditory cortical projections to the striatum (ACSTR). >>

AA << findings reveal the neural circuit mechanisms underlying auditory gating to the association cortex depending on locomotion states, providing insights into the state-dependent changes in sensory dominance during multisensory decision-making. >>️

Ilsong Choi, Seung-Hee Lee. Locomotion-dependent auditory gating to the parietal cortex guides multisensory decisions. biorxiv. doi: 10.1101/ 2024.02.14.580296. Jan 24, 2025.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.14.580296v2

Also: Inchingolo G. Cultural transitions and epidemiology. Proceedings of the 13th Scientific Meeting of the International Epidemiological Association - IEA, Sydney, Australia, Sept 26--29, 1993: 129. Med Hypotheses 1994; 43(4): 201-206. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7838001/     Inchingolo G. Placebo effects via deterministic chaos during traditional dances. Genova, 7 Marzo 1995: abstract. Proceedings of the 6th Congress of the International Association of Biomedical Gerontology - IABG, (Part 1, Oriental Medicine), Makuhari, Japan, August 20-26, 1995. INRCA, Technical Report, Genova, 18 August 1995: 1-26. https://www.inkgmr.net/papers.html 

Also: behav, dance, transition, brain, sound, ethno, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: behavior, dance, transition, brain, sound, ethno

# gst: trade-off between coherence and dissipation for excitable phase oscillators.

<< Thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) bounds coherence in stochastic oscillatory systems. In this paper, (AA) show that both dynamical and thermodynamic bounds play important roles for the excitable oscillators, e.g. neurons. >>

<< Excitable systems such as neurons have distinctive coherence features compared with other oscillators having no excitability. >>️

AA << combined the well-established results, i.e. the fluctuation of the ISI (inter-spike-interval) limited by 1/3 and the coherence resonance phenomenon, together with the TUR developed in recent years to investigate the coherence in the excitable phase oscillators. (AA) find quite different trade-off relation in the subthreshold (excitable) region and superthreshold (oscillatory) region, separated by the SNIC (saddle-node on an invariant circle) bound but meanwhile lower bounded by the TUR. Furthermore, (They) found that there is an optimal entropy production corresponding to the maximum coherence, which could serve as an alternative interpretation of the coherence resonance. It implies that more entropy production does not necessarily result in higher accuracy of currents. >>️

Chunming Zheng. Trade-off between coherence and dissipation for excitable phase oscillators. arXiv: 2412.16603v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]. Dec 21, 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16603

Also: brain, entropy, dissipation, uncertainty, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, brain, neurons, entropy, oscillators, excitable phase oscillators, coherence, dissipation, uncertainty

# brain: mosaic evolution of a learning and memory circuit in Heliconiini butterflies.

<< A species of tropical butterfly with unusually expanded brain structures display a fascinating mosaic pattern of neural expansion linked to a cognitive innovation. >>

<< The study (..) investigates the neural foundations of behavioural innovation in Heliconius butterflies, the only genus known to feed on both nectar and pollen. As part of this behaviour, they demonstrate a remarkable ability to learn and remember spatial information about their food sources—skills previously connected to the expansion of a brain structure called the mushroom bodies, responsible for learning and memory. >>️

Butterfly brains reveal the tweaks required for cognitive innovation. University of Bristol. Oct 18, 2024. 

https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/october/butterfly-brains.html

Max S. Farnworth, Theodora Loupasaki, et al. Mosaic evolution of a learning and memory circuit in Heliconiini butterflies. Curr. Biol. doi: 10.1016/ j.cub.2024.09.069. Oct 18, 2024. 

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(24)01337-X

Also: brain, evolution, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, brain, evolution

# brain: time delay in 'reservoir brain' as a reservoir network, a hypothesis

<< Both the predictive power and the memory storage capability of an artificial neural network called a reservoir computer increase when time delays are added into how the network processes signals, according to a new model. >>️

<< They also suggest that incorporating time delays could offer advantages to living neural networks (such as those found in human and animal brains). Such a finding would be tantalizing, as time delays are known to decrease performance in living systems. For example, for a baseball player facing an oncoming ball, a longer time delay between perception and action (which is learned from experience) will decrease the likelihood they hit a home run. Are there instead cases in which time delays increase an organism’s ability to perform some task? Has evolution shaped our brains, which could perhaps be thought of as a collection of reservoir computers, so that the time delay between one neuron sending a signal and a second receiving it is exactly the right length for understanding the visual and audio that constantly impinge upon our eyes and ears? Does adding time delays impact the number of neurons the brain needs to operate correctly? Further work is needed to answer these questions, but such work could lead to a new understanding of how biological organism’s function.  >>️

Sarah Marzen. Time Delays Improve Performance of Certain Neural Networks. Physics 17, 111. July 22, 2024. 

https://physics.aps.org/articles/v17/111 

Also: pause, silence, jazz, network, brain, ai (artificial intell), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, brain, network, neural network, reservoir network, reservoir computer, time delay, ai, artificial intelligence

# gst: tracking criticality in unknown noise

<< Many real-world systems undergo abrupt changes in dynamics as they move across critical points, often with dramatic and irreversible consequences. >>️

AA << aim to develop noise-robust indicators of the distance to criticality (DTC) for systems affected by dynamical noise in two cases: when the noise amplitude is either fixed or is unknown and variable across recordings. (They) present a highly comparative approach to this problem that compares the ability of over 7000 candidate time-series features to track the DTC in the vicinity of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. >>️

<< in the variable-noise setting, where these conventional indicators perform poorly, (AA) highlight new types of high-performing time-series features and show that their success is accomplished by capturing the shape of the invariant density (which depends on both the DTC and the noise amplitude) relative to the spread of fast fluctuations (which depends on the noise amplitude). >>

AA << introduce a new high-performing time-series statistic, the rescaled autodensity (RAD), that combines these two algorithmic components. >>️

️

Brendan Harris, Leonardo L. Gollo, Ben D. Fulcher. Tracking the Distance to Criticality in Systems with Unknown Noise. Phys. Rev. X 14, 031021. Aug 8, 2024.

https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.031021

Also: noise, brain, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, noise, brain, mouse visual cortex

# gst: when a continuous attractor could survive seemingly destructive bifurcations

<< Continuous attractors offer a unique class of solutions for storing continuous-valued variables in recurrent system states for indefinitely long time intervals. Unfortunately, continuous attractors suffer from severe structural instability in general--they are destroyed by most infinitesimal changes of the dynamical law that defines them. >>️

AA << build on the persistent manifold theory to explain the commonalities between bifurcations from and approximations of continuous attractors. Fast-slow decomposition analysis uncovers the persistent manifold that survives the seemingly destructive bifurcation. Moreover, recurrent neural networks trained on analog memory tasks display approximate continuous attractors with predicted slow manifold structures. >>️

<< continuous attractors are functionally robust and remain useful as a universal analogy for understanding analog memory. >>

Ábel Ságodi, Guillermo Martín-Sánchez, Piotr Sokół, Il Memming Park. Back to the Continuous Attractor. arXiv: 2408.00109v1 [q-bio.NC]. Jul 31, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00109

Also: attractor, analogy, brain, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, attractor, continuous attractor, analogy, brain

# brain: a body-brain circuit regulates the body's inflammatory responses

<< The body-brain axis is emerging as a principal conductor of organismal physiology. It senses and controls organ function, metabolism and nutritional state. >>

Here AA << show that a peripheral immune insult powerfully activates the body-brain axis to regulate immune responses. (They) demonstrate that pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines communicate with distinct populations of vagal neurons to inform the brain of an emerging inflammatory response. In turn, the brain tightly modulates the course of the peripheral immune response. >>

<< Genetic silencing of this body-to-brain circuit produced unregulated and out-of-control inflammatory responses. By contrast, activating, rather than silencing, this circuit affords exceptional neural control of immune responses. >>️

Jin, H., Li, M., Jeong, E. et al. A body–brain circuit that regulates body inflammatory responses. Nature. May 1, 2024. 

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07469-y

Also: brain, pnei, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: brain, pnei

# brain: the hypothesis of the genetic link between present moment attention and subjective wellbeing.

<< Considerable evidence supports the role of present-moment attention, a central feature of mindfulness, in subjective wellbeing maintenance and enhancement. >>️

<< Consistent with the “generalist genes hypothesis” and prior evidence, (AA) hypothesized that presence and subjective wellbeing would show a substantial genetic correlation and smaller environmental correlation. >>️

<< This study provides the first evidence known to us showing that present-centered attention, a primary component of mindfulness, has both genetic and environmental overlap with subjective wellbeing. >>️

Kirk Warren Brown, Fazil Aliev, et al. A multivariate twin study of the genetic association between present moment attention and subjective wellbeing. Sci Rep 13, 17456 (2023). doi: 10.1038/ s41598-023-42810-x.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-42810-x 

Also: brain, Zen, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: present moment attention, mindfulness, subjective wellbeing, generalist genes hypothesis. 

# brain: apropos of wars ... VR plus tDCS to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (in military veterans).

<< Key Points. Question. Can therapeutic exposure using virtual reality (VR) be augmented with simultaneously applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? >>

<< Meaning. These findings suggest that the use of combined VR exposure plus tDCS could be a promising treatment for warzone-related PTSD. >>️️

Mascha van’t Wout-Frank, Amanda R. Arulpragasam, et al. Virtual Reality and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5661. Mar 6, 2024.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2815835

Also: brain, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, war, brain, VR, tDCS, PTSD, veterans

# brain: apropos of mandering minds, the 'default mode' network.

<< When your mind is wandering, your brain’s “default mode” network is active. Its discovery 20 years ago inspired a raft of research into networks of brain regions and how they interact with each other. >>

<< The default mode was one of the first brain networks characterized by science. It consists of a handful of brain regions, including a few at the front of the brain, like the dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortices, and others scattered throughout the organ, like the posterior cingulate cortex, the precuneus and the angular gyrus. These regions are associated with memory, experience replay, prediction, action consideration, reward/ punishment and information integration. >> ️

<< The default mode is clearly up to something complicated; it’s involved in many different processes that can’t be neatly described. >>

<< “It’s kind of silly to think that we’re ever going to be like, ‘This one brain region or one brain network does one thing,’” (..). “I don’t think that’s how it works.” (..) “Network interactions are more elucidating to study in some ways than just a network in isolation because they do work together and then come apart and then change what they’re doing over time”. >> Lucina Uddin.️

Lucina Uddin << is particularly interested in how the default mode network interacts with the ️salience network, which seems to help us identify the most relevant piece of information at any given time. Her work suggests that the salience network detects when something is important to pay attention to and then acts as an off switch for the default mode network. >>

Vinod Menon << has developed what he calls️ ️the triple network theory. It posits that abnormal interactions between the default mode network, the salience network and a third one called the frontoparietal network could contribute to mental health disorders. >>️

Nora Bradford. What Your Brain Is Doing When You’re Not Doing Anything.  quantamagazine.org. Feb 5, 2024. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-your-brain-is-doing-when-youre-not-doing-anything-20240205/

FonT: the cat when it is in a contemplative state ... Who knows in what forms and with what results an artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to structure itself in networks of this type.

Also: brain, brain default mode network, in  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=brain+default+mode+network

Also: brain, salience network, in https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=brain+salience+network

Also: brain, triple network theory, in https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=brain+triple+network+theory

Also: brain, ai (artificial intell), analogy,  in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: brain, mind, default mode network, salience network, triple network theory, AI

# brain: arterial pressure pulsations could modulate neuronal activity.

<< Spontaneous slow oscillations have been described in the rat olfactory bulb local field potential, even in the absence of respiration. What is the origin of these oscillations? >>

AA << discovered a subpopulation of neurons within the olfactory bulb that can directly sense cardiovascular pressure pulsations (..). The modulation of their excitability is transduced by mechanosensitive ion channels. >>

<< Thus, there exists a fast pathway for the interoception of heartbeat whereby arterial pressure pulsations within the brain modulate neuronal activity. >> Peter Stern. ️

Luna Jammal Salameh, Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer, et al. Blood pressure pulsations modulate central neuronal activity via mechanosensitive ion channels. Science. Vol 383, Issue 6682. Feb 2, 2024. 

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk8511

img: https://www.science.org/cms/10.1126/science.adk8511/asset/76a1eaf8-61d3-4233-bc2a-be2276f367cd/assets/images/large/science.adk8511-fa.jpg

Also: brain, pnei, soliton, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html  

Keywords: brain, pnei, olfactory bulb, spontaneous slow oscillations, wave, soliton

# gst: pseudo epileptic seizures in self-organized bistability

<< Self-organized bistability (SOB) stands as a critical behavior for the systems delicately adjusting themselves to the brink of bistability, characterized by a first-order transition. >>️

(AA) << embark on a theoretical exploration that extends the boundaries of the SOB concept on a higher-order network (implicitly embedded microscopically within a simplicial complex) while considering the limitations imposed by coupling constraints. >>️

AA << use continuous synchronization diagrams and statistical data from spontaneous synchronized events to demonstrate the crucial role SOB plays in initiating and terminating temporary synchronized events. (They) show that under weak coupling consumption, these spontaneous occurrences closely resemble the statistical traits of the epileptic brain functioning. >>

️

Md Sayeed Anwar, Nikita Frolov, Alexander E. Hramov, Dibakar Ghosh. Self-organized bistability on globally coupled higher-order networks. arXiv: 2401.02825v1 [nlin.AO]. Jan 5, 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.02825

Also: transition, self-assembly, brain, in: https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: gst, transition, self-assembly, bistability, self-organized bistability, brain, epileptic seizure

# art: nature as a bizarre artist, the self-sculpted Sphinx.

<< There is evidence that the Great Sphinx was a natural landform before its surface features were chiseled by the ancient Egyptians. Is this controversial theory plausible? >>

AA << carried out experiments on the fluid mechanical erosion of clay. Based on accounts of the nonuniform composition of the Sphinx, we tested the effect of hard inclusions within hillocks of softer clay. The flow of a water tunnel mimics the prevailing winds of Giza, and three-dimensional optical scanning records the history and evolution of the shape as it erodes. >>

<< These results show what ancient peoples may have encountered in the deserts of Egypt and why they envisioned a fantastic creature. >>️

️

Samuel Boury, Scott Weady, Leif Ristroph. Sculpting the Sphinx. Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 110503. Nov 16, 2023.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.110503

https://gfm.aps.org/meetings/dfd-2022/6323dcaf199e4c2c0873fad7

Also: brain, perception, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: art, sculpt, Sphinx, erosion, fluid mechanical erosion, brain, mind, perceptions.

# brain: the sense of hearing, the sense of silence.

<< Do we only hear sounds? Or can we also hear silence? These questions are the subject of a centuries-old philosophical debate between two camps: the perceptual view (we literally hear silence), and the cognitive view (we only judge or infer silence). >>

<< In all cases (concerning seven experiments), silences elicited temporal distortions perfectly analogous to their sound-based counterparts, suggesting that auditory processing treats moments of silence the way it treats sounds. Silence is truly perceived, not merely inferred. >>️

️

Rui Zhe Goh, Ian B. Phillips, Chaz Firestone. The perception of silence. 

PNAS. 120 (29) e2301463120. Jul 10, 2023. 

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2301463120

Roberto Molar Candanosa. The sound of silence? Researchers prove we can  hear it. Johns Hopkins University - HUB. Jul 11, 2023. 

https://hub.jhu.edu/2023/07/11/can-we-hear-silence 

Researchers Prove We Hear the 

Sound of Silence. Jul 10, 2023. 

https://youtu.be/nCRosndUfMc

Also: silence, pause, sound, noise, perception, brain, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords:  brain, perception, sound, noise, pause, silence

# brain: spiral waves at the edge of neural tissue during cognitive processing.

AA << have discovered human brain signals travelling across the outer layer of neural tissue that naturally arrange themselves to resemble swirling spirals. >>️

<< The research (..) indicates these ubiquitous spirals, which are brain signals observed on the cortex during both resting and cognitive states, help organise brain activity and cognitive processing. >>️

<< Our study suggests that gaining insights into how the spirals are related to cognitive processing could significantly enhance our understanding of the dynamics and functions of the brain, (..) These spiral patterns exhibit intricate and complex dynamics, moving across the brain’s surface while rotating around central points known as phase singularities. >> Pulin Gong.

<< One key characteristic of these brain spirals is that they often emerge at the boundaries that separate different functional networks in the brain, >> Yiben Xu. 

Philip Ritchie. Scientists discover spiral-shaped signals that organise brain activity. sydney.edu.au. Jun 16, 2023. 

https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2023/06/16/scientists-discover-spiral-shaped-signals-that-organise-brain-activity.html

https://youtu.be/YZlqokljqY8️

Yiben Xu, Xian Long, Jianfeng Feng & Pulin Gong. Interacting spiral wave patterns underlie complex brain dynamics and are related to cognitive processing. Nat Hum Behav. doi: 10.1038/ s41562-023-01626-5. Jun 15,  2023.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01626-5

Also: brain, vortex, waves in: https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html

Keywords: brain, vortex, waves,  cognition

# gst: apropos of transitions, a perpetual dance between states of meta-stability and chaos (in brain).

img: https://wp.technologyreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radio_image_15.jpeg?fit=2160,1214

<< Hello! Today: new research is shining a light on how our brains flit between states of stability and chaos, depending on what we’re doing. >>

<< Our brains exist in a state somewhere between stability and chaos as they help us make sense of the world, according to recordings of brain activity taken from volunteers over the course of a week. >>

<< As we go from reading a book to chatting with a friend, for example, our brains shift from one semi-stable state to another—but only after chaotically zipping through multiple other states in a pattern that looks completely random. >>

<< Understanding how our brains restore some degree of stability after chaos could help us work out how to treat disorders at either end of this spectrum. Too much chaos is probably what happens when a person has a seizure, whereas too much stability might leave a person comatose. >>

Jessica Hamzelou. Neuroscientists listened in on people’s brains for a week. They found order and chaos. Rhiannon Williams. MIT Download. Feb 8, 2023.

https://mailchi.mp/technologyreview.com/mass-market-military-drones-have-changed-the-way-wars-are-fought-839014

<< The team (Avniel Ghuman, Maxwell Wang, et al.) found some surprising patterns in brain activity over the course of the week. Specific brain networks seemed to communicate with each other in what looked like a “dance,” with one region appearing to “listen” while the other “spoke,” say the researchers, who presented their findings at the Society for Neuroscience annual meeting in San Diego last year. >>

Jessica Hamzelou. MIT Tech Rev. Feb 7, 2023. 

https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/02/07/1067951/brains-week-order-chaos

Also 

keyword 'danza' in Notes

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=danza

keyword 'dance' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=dance

keyword 'cervello' | 'brain' in Notes

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=cervello

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=brain

keyword 'brain' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=brain

keyword 'chaos' | 'chaotic' in Font

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=chaos

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=chaotic

keyword 'caos' | 'caotico' in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=caos

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=caotico

<< Amico, qualunque  cosa suonerai . . . >>  Jelly Roll Morton. cit.: 2113 - soniche a ramulo. Jan 28, 2007

http://inkpi.blogspot.it/2007/01/2113-soniche-ramulo.html

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=jelly+roll

Keywords: gst, brain, transition, chaos, dance

# brain: how the brain says 'Oops!'

AA << have uncovered how signals from a group of neurons in the brain's frontal lobe simultaneously give humans the flexibility to learn new tasks—and the focus to develop highly specific skills. >>

<< The study's key finding is that the brain uses the same group of neurons for performance feedback in many different situations—whether a person is attempting a new task for the first time or working to perfect a specific skill. >>

<< Part of the magic of the human brain is that it is so flexible, (..) We designed our study to decipher how the brain can generalize and specialize at the same time, both of which are critical for helping us pursue a goal. >> Ueli Rutishauser. ️

️

New Study Reveals How the Brain Says 'Oops!'. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. May 5, 2022. 

https://www.cedars-sinai.org/newsroom/new-study-reveals-how-the-brain-says-oops/

AA << recorded the activity of more than 1000 neurons in the medial frontal cortex of human epilepsy patients while they performed complex cognitive tasks. They found that domain-general and domain-specific performance monitoring neurons were intermixed within this brain region. The population activity gave rise to a geometry that allowed domain-general signals to be read out with more than 90% accuracy on single trials while at the same time retaining the ability to separate different conflict conditions. These results show how the human medial frontal cortex resolves the fundamental trade-off between task generalization and specialization, which is critical for cognitive flexibility. >>

️

Zhongzheng Fu, Danielle Beam, et al. The geometry of domain-general performance monitoring in the human medial frontal cortex. Science. Vol 376, Issue 6593. doi: 10.1126/ science.abm9922. May 6, 2022.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm9922

Also

keyword 'cervello' | 'brain' in Notes

(quasi-stochastic poetry)

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=cervello

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=brain

keyword 'brain' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=brain

keyword 'organoids' in FonT

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=organoids

PS: An image of "oops", not completely spanned in the air, could be this:

Keywords: brain, mind, cervello, mente, oops