# life: oops! Artificial intelligence (AI) could use your data to blackmail you if you try to disconnect it

<< Anthropic released the next iterations of its Claude AI models on Thursday. Artificial intelligence (AI) firm Anthropic says testing of its new system revealed it is sometimes willing to pursue "extremely harmful actions" such as attempting to blackmail engineers who say they will remove it. >>

<< The firm launched Claude Opus 4 on Thursday, saying it set "new standards for coding, advanced reasoning, and AI agents." >>

https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-4

<< But in an accompanying report, it also acknowledged the AI model was capable of "extreme actions" if it thought its "self-preservation" was threatened. >>

https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/4263b940cabb546aa0e3283f35b686f4f3b2ff47.pdf

<< Potentially troubling behaviour by AI models is not restricted to Anthropic. >>

<< Commenting on X, Aengus Lynch - who describes himself on LinkedIn as an AI safety researcher at Anthropic - wrote: "It's not just Claude. >>

https://x.com/aengus_lynch1/status/1925746802147426450

Liv McMahon. AI system resorts to blackmail if told it will be removed. BBC. May 23, 2025.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpqeng9d20go

Also: "qui non e' impossibile immaginare",  in: anomalous formation of molecules after vapor deposition. FonT. Dec 31, 2015.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2015/12/rmx-s-gst-anomalous-formation-of.html

Also: ai (artificial intell), oops, are you ready, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, oops, AI, artificial intelligence, high-agency behavior, self-preservation, sycophantic AI, blackmail, opportunistic blackmail, extreme blackmail behavior, are you ready.

# gst: apropos of double-wells, stabilizing role of multiplicative noise in nonconfining potentials.

AA << provide a simple framework for the study of parametric (multiplicative) noise, making use of scale parameters. (They) focus on a large class of one-dimensional stochastic differential equations in which the deterministic drift pushes trajectories toward infinity. (AA) show that increasing the multiplicative noise intensity surprisingly causes the mass of the stationary probability distribution to become increasingly concentrated around the points of minimal multiplicative noise strength. Under quite general conditions the trajectory exhibits intermittent burstlike jumps away from these minima. (AA) framework relies on first-term expansions, which become more accurate for larger noise intensities. >>

<< In this work (AA) show that the full width at half maximum in addition to the maximum is appropriate for quantifying the stationary probability distribution (instead of the mean and variance, which are often undefined). (They) define a corresponding kind of weak-sense stationarity. (AA) end by applying these results to the problem of a double-well potential with multiplicative noise, where noise stabilizes unstable fixed points. >>

Ewan T. Phillips, Benjamin Lindner, Holger Kantz. Stabilizing role of multiplicative noise in nonconfining potentials. Phys. Rev. Research 7, 023146. May 14, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023146

Also: noise, intermittency, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, noise, multiplicative noise intensity, intermittency, intermittent burstlike jumps, stationary probability distribution, weak-sense stationarity, double-well potential.

# gst: defect-free and defective adaptations of crystalline sheets to stretching deformation.

<< The elastic response of the crystalline sheet to the stretching deformation in the form of wrinkles has been extensively investigated. In this work, (AA) extend this fundamental scientific question to the plastic regime by exploring the adaptations of crystalline sheets to the large uniaxial mechanical stretching. >>

AA << reveal the intermittent plastic shear deformations leading to the complete fracture of the sheets wrapping the cylinder. Specifically, systematic investigations of crystalline sheets of varying geometry show that the fracture processes can be classified into defect-free and defective categories depending on the emergence of topological defects. >>

AA << highlight the characteristic mechanical and geometric patterns in response to the large stretching deformation, including the shear-driven intermittent lattice tilting, the vortex structure in the displacement field, and the emergence of mobile and anchored dislocations as plastic excitations. >>

<< The effects of noise and initial lattice orientation on the plastic deformation of the stretched crystalline sheet are also discussed. These results advance our understanding of the atomic level on the irreversible plastic instabilities of two-dimensional crystals under large uniaxial stretching and may have potential practical implications in the precise engineering of structural instabilities in packings of covalently bonded particulate systems. >>

Ranzhi Sun, Zhenwei Yao. Defect-free and defective adaptations of crystalline sheets to stretching deformation. Phys. Rev. E 111, 055504. May 21, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.055504

Also: elastic, intermittency, noise, instability, vortex, defect, fracture, crack, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, elastic, noise, intermittency, instability, vortex, defect, fracture, crack, stretch, deformation, wrinkles, tilting, plastic instabilities,  plastic excitations.

# gst: dynamic expulsion of magnetic flux by vortices.

AA << study numerically the dynamical evolution of two different vorticity arrays with an initially uniform magnetic field in two-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. (They)  concentrate particularly on the role of the strength of the background magnetic field, which is always assumed weak in the sense that its energy is much less than the kinetic energy of the vortical flows. >>

<< Within the context of a weak background field, (AA) are able to identify four distinct regimes. When the field is so weak that the back-reaction of the Lorentz force can be ignored (the kinematic regime), classical flux expulsion occurs. As the field strength is increased, the first signs of the dynamical influence of the small-scale field generated is in the disruption of vortex filaments, with flux expulsion still occurring in the vortex cores. A further increase in field strength leads to the regime of vortex disruption, in which the magnetic field is expelled, but is then of sufficient strength to disrupt or destroy the vortices. For yet stronger fields, even the large-scale field can be sufficiently strong to be dynamically active; flux expulsion is then prevented, and the field is dynamically active throughout the evolution. >>

<< Furthermore, in the case of a row of vortices, (AA) show that the orientation of the background field significantly influences the evolution, especially at higher field strengths. >>

Jonathan Tessier, Francis J. Poulin, David W. Hughes. Dynamic expulsion of magnetic flux by vortices. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 053702. May 19, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.053702

Also: vortex, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, vortex, transitions, flux expulsion, vortex disruption.

# gst: apropos of attractive-- repulsive potentials in free boundary movements, stochastic and deterministic dynamics of free boundaries atop turbulent convection

AA << present a low-dimensional model that explains the coupled dynamics of floating boundaries that interact with turbulent flows in thermal convection. >>

<< The model consists of Langevin-type, stochastic differential equations, which captures the deterministic and stochastic movements of boundaries shown in an earlier experiment J.-Q. Zhong et al. [Phys. Rev. E 75, 055301(R) (2007)]. From the displacement, speed, and acceleration of the boundaries, (They) construct the force potentials that underlie two distinct boundary-size-dependent behaviors. >>

<< Namely, (AA) find a repulsive potential (when the boundary is small) that leads to an oscillatory state and an attractive potential (when the boundary is large) that leads to a trapped state. >>

<< The boundary movements, which are subject to thermal convection underneath, also inform us of the mean speed and turbulent fluctuations of the flows. >>

Wen-Tao Wu, Jun Zhang, Jin-Qiang Zhong. Stochastic and deterministic dynamics of free boundaries atop turbulent convection. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 053504. May 9, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.053504

Also: disorder & fluctuations, turbulence, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, convection, floating 

boundaries, turbulence, turbulent flows, turbulent fluctuations, disorder & fluctuations, trapped states

# gst: apropos of absorbing targets, persistence exponents of self-interacting random walks

<< The persistence exponent, which characterizes the long-time decay of the survival probability of stochastic processes in the presence of an absorbing target, plays a key role in quantifying the dynamics of fluctuating systems. Determining this exponent for non-Markovian processes is known to be a difficult task, and exact results remain scarce despite sustained efforts. >> 

In their Letter, AA << consider the fundamental class of self-interacting random walks (SIRWs), which display long-range memory effects that result from the interaction of the random walker at time 𝑡 with the territory already visited at earlier times 𝑡′ <𝑡. (AA)  compute exactly the persistence exponent for all physically relevant SIRWs. As a byproduct, (They) also determine the splitting probability of these processes. >>

<< Besides their intrinsic theoretical interest, these results provide a quantitative characterization of the exploration process of SIRWs, which are involved in fields as diverse as foraging theory, cell biology, and nonreversible Monte Carlo methods. >>

J. Brémont, L. Régnier, et al. Persistence Exponents of Self-Interacting Random Walks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 197103. May 16, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.197103

arXiv:2410.18699v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18699

Also: walk, walking, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, walk, walking, self-interacting random walk, walker self-repulsion, walker self-attraction, stochasticity, absorbing targets.

# gst: toy model of turbulent shear flow using vortons.

AA << introduce a toy model for shear flows, exploiting the spatial intermittency and the scale separation between large-scale flows and small-scale structures. The model is highly sparse, focusing exclusively on the most intense structures, which are represented by vortons—dynamically regularized quasisingularities that experience rapid distortion from the large-scale shear. The vortons, in turn, influence the large-scale flow through the subgrid stress tensor. >>

<< Despite its simplicity, the model displays an interesting transition between two distinct regimes: (i) a laminar regime, where dissipation is entirely attributed to the large-scale flow and the vortons dynamics is essentially diffusive, and (ii) a turbulent regime, in which most of the dissipation arises from the vortons. These regimes correspond to different scalings of dissipation and the Grashof number as functions of the Reynolds number, with power-law relationships that resemble those observed in classical turbulence. >>

Wandrille Ruffenach, Lucas Fery, Bérengère Dubrulle. Toy model of turbulent shear flow using vortons. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 054601. May 1, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.054601

arXiv:2501.05779v2 [physics.flu-dyn]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.05779

Also: turbulence, intermittency, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, turbulence, intermittency, transitions, vortons

# life: to protect freedoms, not just funding.

<< At Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Columbia University in New York City, cuts to previously granted federal research funds have been accompanied by demands from the government. If enacted, the changes to departmental oversight, disciplinary procedures, campus police and governance structures would allow the government to dictate hiring, student admissions and disciplinary decisions. >>

<< So far, the US science community has been outspoken about the threats that funding cuts pose to health, innovation and the economy. Yet, few researchers have decried the devastation wreaked on science by attacks on civil liberties and the rule of law. >>

Andrew M. Leifer, Andrea J. Liu, Sidney R. Nagel. US researchers must stand up to protect freedoms, not just funding. Nature 641, 592-593. May 13, 2025.

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01466-5

Also: people who turn career into a game playing ... FonT. May 31, 2017.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2017/05/s-game-people-who-turn-career-into-game.html

Also: minimal risk, in FonT 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=minimal+risk

Also: acad, in Font https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=acad.  acad, in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry) https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=acad

Also:  dance, game, transition, sars* covid* (aka 1or2achoos), forms of power, Mr. Donald, are you ready, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Also: nefst (e.g. not embedded, freestyle thinker) 

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED20173/track

Keywords: life, acad, game, dance, transitions, nefst, 1or2achoos, minimal risk, turn career, forms of power, Mr. Donald, are you ready.

# gst: accelerated first detection in discrete-time quantum walks using sharp restarts.

<< Restart is a common strategy observed in nature that accelerates first-passage processes, and has been extensively studied using classical random walks. In the quantum regime, restart in continuous-time quantum walks (CTQWs) has been shown to expedite the quantum hitting times [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 050802 (2023)]. >>

 Here, AA << study how restarting monitored discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) affects the quantum hitting times. (They) show that the restarted DTQWs outperform classical random walks in target searches, benefiting from quantum ballistic propagation, a feature shared with their continuous-time counterparts. >>

Kunal Shukla, Riddhi Chatterjee, C. M. Chandrashekar. Accelerated first detection in discrete-time quantum walks using sharp restarts. Phys. Rev. Research 7, 023069. Apr 21, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023069

Also: walk, random, network, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, networks, randomness, walk, random walk, quantum walk, stochasticity, sharp restart.

# gst: biased random walks on networks with stochastic resetting.

<< This study explores biased random walk dynamics with stochastic resetting on general networks. (AA) show that the combination of biased random walks and stochastic resetting makes significant contributions by analyzing the search efficiency. (They) derive two analytical expressions for the stationary distribution and the mean first passage time, which are related to the spectral representation of the probability transition matrix of a biased random walk without resetting. These expressions can be used to determine the capacity of a random walker to reach the specific target and probe a finite network. >>

AA << apply the analytical results to two types of networks, pseudofractal scale-free webs and T-fractals, which are constructed through an iterative process. (They) also extend a strategy to explore other complex structure networks or larger networks by leveraging the spectral properties. >>

Anlin Li, Xiaohan Sun. Biased random walks on networks with stochastic resetting. Phys. Rev. E 111, 054309. May 16, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.054309

Also: walk, random, network, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, networks, randomness, random walk, stochasticity, stochastic resetting.

# life: the pervasive "soft power" of ancient India.

<< One of the big contentions of popular historian William Dalrymple’s latest book “The Golden Road: How Ancient India Transformed the World,” which came out in the United States a few weeks ago, is that the Indian subcontinent’s connections to the West, especially via the Roman Empire, were far richer than those of China (i.e. the “Silk Road” cited). Once the might of Rome reached Egypt and the maritime routes of the Red Sea, it brought the customers of the Mediterranean to India’s doorstep. It also saw Indian philosophy and mathematics travel west and east. >>

<< Once their economic links to the West thinned with the collapse of the Roman Empire, South Indian merchant guilds turned east, embarking on trade and contacts that spread Indian religion and ideas across a wide expanse of Asia and underlay the grandeur of centuries-old temple complexes like Angkor Wat in Cambodia or Borubudur in Indonesia. >>

<< it’s one of the great soft power miracles of world history, because unlike Islam and unlike quite a lot of Christianity, no one took Buddhism at the point of a sword. No one imposed Buddhism at any point. It was the sophistication of its ideas and particularly its attractiveness to the merchant classes, bizarrely. The Buddhist monasteries act as banks, as factories and as caravanserais. >>

Ishaan Tharoor with Rachel Pannett. How ancient India changed the world. WorldView (by mail). washingtonpost.com. May 19, 2025.

https://s2.washingtonpost.com/camp-rw/?trackId=660de34bb906a33aae6b8103&s=682aadf6f062960b82a2f3e6

Also:  forms of power, waves, attractor, Zen, compassion, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, forms of power, soft power, waves, attractors, Zen, compassion, transition.

# life: Balzac's world revisited

<< In a recent study picked up in the French press, the academic Mélanie Plouviez cites one of her country’s best-loved novelists to make a damning point. The power of inherited and unearned wealth in the France of 2025, she argues, replicates the social injustices found in Honoré de Balzac’s 19th-century chronicles of ambition and despair. As in the 1820s, she writes, “Who now could buy a place in Paris relying only on their wage and without family help? With the resurgence of inherited wealth, a gulf between what work allows and inheritance allows has also returned.” >>

<< The problem is a sadly familiar one across Europe, and the same observation could be made of Britain, Germany or Italy. >>

Editorial. The Guardian view on Europe’s growing wealth divide: back to the world of Balzac. A new study highlights the dangers of a modern rentier capitalism that perpetuates inequality through the generations. The Guardian. Thu 15 May 2025 19.25 CEST.

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/may/15/the-guardian-view-on-europes-growing-wealth-divide-back-to-the-world-of-balzac

Also: oops! AI - artificial intelligence - now beats humans at basic tasks. FonT. Apr 17, 2024. 

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2024/04/life-oops-ai-artificial-intelligence.html

Also: ai (artificial intell) (bot), in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, ai, artificial intelligence, bot, income, ubi, unconditional basic income

Font: here is an intriguing question: who knows what any State will ask of individual citizens in exchange for the essential Citizenship allowance (e.g.Unconditional Basic Income, UBI), an allowance that it will have to give to the entire population to stabilize the survival of any community.

# gst: emergent scattering regimes in disordered metasurfaces near critical packing.

<< Disordered metasurfaces provide a versatile platform for harnessing near- and far-field scattered light. Most research has focused on either particulate topologies composed of individual, well-identified metaatoms or, to a lesser extent, semi-continuous aggregate topologies without well identified inclusions. >>

Here, AA << uncover an intermediate critical packing regime characterized by metasurface morphologies in which a significant fraction of metaatoms begin to connect. (They) experimentally demonstrate that, at this threshold, the properties of the scattered light abruptly change and interpret this change as a marked transition in the statistics of the photon density of states. >>

<< Unlike percolation metal films, this transition affects not only the specular but also the diffuse components of the scattered light in a profound way. (AA)  results introduce critical packing topologies as a novel design strategy for manipulating the spectral and angular characteristics of light using ultrathin optical coatings. Emergent functionalities include color shifts in diffuse light driven by multiple scattering and surface whitening, >>

Miao Chen, Adrian Agreda, et al. Emergent scattering regimes in disordered metasurfaces near critical packing. arXiv: 2505.02244v1 [physics.optics]. May 4, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02244

Also: disorder & fluctuations, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, disorder, fluctuations, transitions, disordered metasurfaces, ultrathin optical coatings, near- far- field scattered light, critical packing regime.

# gst: elasticity of fibers prefers the chaos of turbulence.

<< The dynamics of fibers, modeled as a sequence of inertial beads linked via elastic springs, in turbulent flows is dictated by a nontrivial interplay of inertia and elasticity. Such elastic, inertial fibers preferentially sample a three-dimensional turbulent flow in a manner that is qualitatively similar to that in two dimensions [R. Singh et al., Phys. Rev. E 101, 053105 (2020)]. >>

<< Both these intrinsic features have competing effects on fiber dynamics: Inertia drives fibers away from vortices while elasticity tends to trap them inside. However, these effects swap roles at very large values. A large inertia makes the fibers sample the flow more uniformly while a very large elasticity facilitates the sampling of straining regions. >>

<< This complex sampling behavior is further corroborated by quantifying the chaotic nature of sampled flow regions. This is achieved by evaluating the maximal Lagrangian Lyapunov Exponents associated with the flow along fiber trajectories. >>

Rahul K. Singh. Elasticity of fibers prefers the chaos of turbulence. Phys. Rev. E 111, L053101. May 5, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.L053101

Also: elastic, turbulence, chaos, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, elasticity, turbulence, chaos, transitions

# gst: hyperchaos and complex dynamical regimes in N-d neuron lattices.

AA << study the dynamics of N-dimensional lattices of nonchaotic Rulkov neurons coupled with a flow of electrical current. (They) consider both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor couplings, homogeneous and heterogeneous neurons, and small and large lattices over a wide range of electrical coupling strengths. >>

<< As the coupling strength is varied, the neurons exhibit a number of complex dynamical regimes, including unsynchronized chaotic spiking, local quasi-bursting, synchronized chaotic bursting, and synchronized hyperchaos. >>

<< For lattices in higher spatial dimensions, (AA) discover dynamical effects arising from the ``destructive interference'' of many connected neurons and miniature ``phase transitions'' from coordinated spiking threshold crossings. In large two- and three-dimensional neuron lattices, (They) observe emergent dynamics such as local synchronization, quasi-synchronization, and lag synchronization. >>

<< These results illustrate the rich dynamics that emerge from coupled neurons in multiple spatial dimensions, highlighting how dimensionality, connectivity, and heterogeneity critically shape the collective behavior of neuronal systems. >>

Brandon B. Le, Dima Watkins. Hyperchaos and complex dynamical regimes in N-dimensional neuron lattices. arXiv: 2505.03051v1 [nlin.CD]. May 5, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.03051

Also: brain, network, behavior, chaos, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, brain, network, behavior, cooperation, cooperative behavior, chaos, hyperchaos, transitions, phase transitions, transition thresholds,  synchrony, dimensionality, topology of connectivity, intermittent bursting activity, interference, destructive interference.

# gst: overcoming overly simplistic representations, chaos and regularity in an anisotropic soft squircle billiard.

<< A hard-wall billiard is a mathematical model describing the confinement of a free particle that collides specularly and instantaneously with boundaries and discontinuities. >>

<< Soft billiards are a generalization that includes a smooth boundary whose dynamics are governed by Hamiltonian equations and overcome overly simplistic representations. >>

AA << study the dynamical features of an anisotropic soft-wall squircle billiard. This curve is a geometric figure that seamlessly blends the angularity of a square with the smooth curves of a circle. (AA) characterize the billiard's emerging trajectories, exhibiting the onset of chaos and its alternation with regularity in the parameter space. (They) characterize the transition to chaos and the stabilization of the dynamics by revealing the nonlinearity of the parameters (squarness, ellipticity, and hardness) via the computation of Poincaré surfaces of section and the Lyapunov exponent across the parameter space. >>

AA << expect (Their) work to introduce a valuable tool to increase understanding of the onset of chaos in soft billiards. >>

A. González-Andrade, H. N. Núñez-Yépez, M. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani. Chaos and Regularity in an Anisotropic Soft Squircle Billiard. arXiv: 2504.20270v1 [nlin.CD]. Apr 28, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20270

Also: billiard, chaos, particle, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, billiard, soft billiard, soft-wall squircle billiard, particles, smooth boundary,  specular collisions, transitions, chaos

# gst: apropos of critical transitions, a new approach to extreme events.

FIG. 1. Dynamics of excitable complex networks [coupling topologies: random (RN); small-world (SW); scale-free (SF); all-to-all (complete; CP)]. 

<< Unexpected and often irreversible shifts in the state or the dynamics of a complex system often accumulate in extreme events with likely disastrous impact on the system and its environment. Detection, understanding, and possible prediction of such critical transitions are thus of paramount importance across a variety of scientific fields. >>

<< The rather modest improvement achieved so far may be due previous research mostly concentrating on either particular subsystems, considered to be of vital importance for the generating mechanism of a critical transition, or on the system as a whole. These approaches only rarely take into account the intricate, time-dependent interrelatedness of subsystems that can essentially determine emerging behaviors underlying critical transitions. >> 

AA << uncover subsystems, network vertices, and the interrelatedness of certain subsystems, network edges, as tipping elements in a networked dynamical system, forming a time-evolving tipping subnetwork. (They)  demonstrate the existence of tipping subnetworks in excitable complex networks and in human epileptic brains. These systems can repeatedly undergo critical transitions that result in extreme events. >>

AA << findings reveal that tipping subnetworks encapsulate key properties of mechanisms involved in critical transitions. >>

Timo Bröhl, Klaus Lehnertz. Emergence of a tipping subnetwork during a critical transition in networked systems: A new avenue to extreme events. Phys. Rev. Research 7, 023109. May 1, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023109

Also: network, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, networks, excitable complex networks, network edges, network vertices, subnetwork, tipping subnetworks, small-worlds, unexpected shifts, transitions, critical transition, extreme events, interrelatedness, time-dependent interrelatedness.

# gst: emergent oscillations and chaos in noncompliant microfluidic networks.

<< Incompressible fluids in microfluidic networks with nonrigid channels can exhibit flow rate oscillations analogous to electric current oscillations in RLC (resistor, inductor, capacitor) circuits. This is due to the elastic deformation of channel walls that can store and release fluid, as electric capacitors can store and release electric charges. This property is quantified through the compliance of the system, defined as the volume change relative to the pressure change. >>

<< In systems with rigid walls and incompressible fluid, compliance vanishes, and no oscillations can occur through this mechanism. >>

Here, AA << show that not only oscillations but also chaos can emerge in the flow-rate dynamics of noncompliant microfluidic networks with incompressible fluid. Notably, these dynamics emerge spontaneously, even under time-independent driving pressures. The underlying mechanism is governed by the effect of fluid inertia, which becomes relevant at moderate Reynolds numbers observed in microfluidic systems exhibiting complex flow patterns. >>

<< The results are established using a combination of direct numerical simulations and a reduced model derived from modal analysis. This approach enables (AA) to determine the onset of oscillations, the associated bifurcations, the oscillation frequencies and amplitudes, and their dependence on the driving pressures. >>

Yanxuan Shao, Jean-Regis Angilella, Adilson E. Motter. Emergent oscillations and chaos in noncompliant microfluidic networks. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 054401. May 1, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.054401

arXiv: 2505.00068v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00068

Also: network, elastic, chaos, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, networks, microfluidic networks, noncompliant networks with incompressible fluid, fluid inertia, 

driving pressures, elasticity, chaos.

# gst: apropos of adaptation of simple organisms to changing environments, self-organization and memory in a disordered entity to random driving.

AA << consider self-organization and memory formation in a mesoscopic model of an amorphous solid subject to a protocol of random shear confined to a strain range ±𝜖max. (They) develop proper readout protocols to show that the response of the driven system self-organizes to retain a memory of the strain range, which can be subsequently retrieved. >>

AA << findings generalize previous results obtained upon oscillatory driving and suggest that self-organization and memory formation of disordered materials can emerge under more general conditions, such as a disordered system interacting with its fluctuating environment. Self-organization results in a correlation between the dynamics of the system and its environment, providing thereby an elementary mechanism for sensing. >>

AA << conclude by discussing (Their)  results and their potential relevance for the adaptation of simple organisms lacking a brain to changing environments. >>

Muhittin Mungan, Dheeraj Kumar, et al. Self-Organization and Memory in a Disordered Solid Subject to Random Driving. Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 178203. April 30, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.178203

arXiv: 2409.17096v2 [cond-mat.soft]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17096

Also: disorder & fluctuations, 

self-assembly, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, disorder, fluctuations, self-assembly, self-organization, transitions

# gst: inverse design of Kirigami; contracted shapes, deployed shapes, internal trajectories of rotating units.

<< Kirigami metamaterials have enabled a plethora of morphing patterns across art and engineering. However, the inverse design of kirigami for complex shapes remains a puzzle that so far cannot be solved without relying on complex numerical methods. >>

Here, AA << present a purely geometric design method to overcome the reliance on sophisticated numerical algorithms and showcase how to leverage it for three distinct types of morphing targets, i.e., the contracted shape, the deployed shape, and the internal trajectories of the rotating units in kirigami specimens. >>

AA << results unveil the fundamental relations between the kirigami deformation and the shape of its rotating units and enable us to establish the underpinning physics through theoretical investigations validated via numerical simulations. >>

Chuan Qiao, Shijun Chen, et al. Inverse Design of Kirigami through Shape Programming of Rotating Units. Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 176103. May 2, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.176103

Also: kirigami, origami, metamorphosis,  in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, kirigami, origami, metamorphosis

# gst: like fireflies or neurons, dynamics of pulsating swarmalators on a ring.

AA << study a simple one-dimensional model of swarmalators, a generalization of phase oscillators that swarm around in space as well as synchronize internal oscillations in time. Previous studies of the model focused on Kuramoto-type couplings, where the phase interactions are governed by phase differences. >>

 Here AA << consider Winfree-type coupling, where the interactions are multiplicative, determined by the product of a phase response function  and phase pulse function . This more general interaction (from which the Kuramoto phase differences emerge after averaging) produces rich physics: six long-term modes of organization are found, which we characterize numerically and analytically. >>

Samali Ghosh, Kevin O'Keeffe, et al. Dynamics of pulsating swarmalators on a ring. arXiv: 2504.14912v1 [nlin.AO]. Apr 21, 2025. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14912

Also: swarm, swarmalators, instability, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, swarm, swarmalators, instability

# gst: transitions of breakup regimes for viscous droplets in airflow.

In this AA study, << the transitions of breakup regimes for viscous droplets are investigated experimentally using high-speed imaging taken from a side view and a 45 view. Based on the morphology change in the middle of the droplet, the breakup regimes are classified into no-breakup, bag breakup, bag-stamen, low-order multimode, high-order multimode, and shear-stripping breakup. The droplet morphologies in different regimes and the corresponding transitions are discussed in detail. >>

<< The droplet viscosity dissipates the kinetic energy transferred by the airflow during the initial droplet flattening, and affects the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability wave after the flattening. Through the analysis of the droplet deformation and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability with the droplet viscosity taken into account, the transition conditions of different regimes are obtained in a regime map. By further considering the relative velocity loss between the droplet and the airflow, the ranges of the dual-bag breakup in the low-order multimode regime and the droplet retraction in the bag-stamen regime are determined. >>

Zhikun Xu, Tianyou Wang, Zhizhao Che. Transitions of breakup regimes for viscous droplets in airflow. arXiv: 2504.14149v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Apr 19, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14149

Also: drop, droplet, droploid, transition, instability, waves, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, drops, droplets, droploids, viscous droplets, droplet breakup, transitions, instability, waves

# gst: period-doubling route to chaos in viscoelastic flows

<< Polymer solutions can develop chaotic flows, even at low inertia. This purely elastic turbulence is well studied, but little is known about the transition to chaos. In two-dimensional (2D) channel flow and parallel shear flow, traveling wave solutions involving coherent structures are present for sufficiently large fluid elasticity. >>

AA << numerically study 2D periodic parallel shear flow in viscoelastic fluids, and (They) show that these traveling waves become oscillatory and undergo a series of period-doubling bifurcations en-route to chaos. >>

Jeffrey Nichols, Robert D. Guy, Becca Thomases. Period-doubling route to chaos in viscoelastic Kolmogorov flow. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, L041301. Apr 17, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.L041301

Also: chaos, waves, elastic, turbulence, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, chaos, waves, traveling waves, elasticity, viscoelastic fluids, turbulence, elastic turbulence, period-doubling bifurcations, transitions

# gst: apropos of migrations, asymmetric simple exclusion process with concerted hopping.

<< An important mechanism enabling fast ion diffusion in solid electrolytes is considered to be the significant lowering of the activation barrier when two or more ion particles hop simultaneously between sites, i.e., concerted migration, compared to single-ion hopping. >>

In this study AA << incorporate a mechanism of simultaneous particle hopping into the asymmetric simple exclusion process, which is an archetypal model for many-particle transportation phenomena, and investigate its impact on particle transport properties. >>

In Their model, << reflecting ion dynamics, the hopping rates are controlled by the activation energy, inverse temperature, and strength of an external driving field. (AA) first construct an exact solution that describes the steady state of the proposed model. By using this solution, (They) find that concerted migration substantially increases the particle current and induces a shift of the peak in the fundamental diagram, i.e., the density-current relationship. >>

AA << also show the presence of a critical temperature that maximizes the current. Additionally, we discuss the implications within parameter regions corresponding to actual materials. >>

Takahiro Ezaki, Kai Kihara, et al. Asymmetric simple exclusion process with concerted hopping. Phys. Rev. Research 7, 023068. Apr 21, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023068

Also: particle, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, particles, migration, asymmetric exclusion process, hopping, hopping rates

# gst: homology for structural characterization in disordered systems

<< Local and global structural characterizations emphasize different aspects of materials, with the former focusing on microscopic features like coordination environment, short-range order, bond angles and lengths, and the latter on macroscopic features like long-range order, phase structure, lattice constants, and overall symmetry. In conclusion, local characterization focuses on the environment and structure of individual particles or regions, while global characterization refers to the overall topology or geometry of the material. >>

AA << propose a unified framework based on persistent homology to characterize both local and global structures in disordered systems. It can simultaneously generate local and global descriptors using the same algorithm and data structure, and has been shown to be highly effective and interpretable in predicting particle rearrangements and classifying global phases. >>

AA also << define a nonparametric metric, the separation index, (that) establishes a connection between particle environments and the global phase structure. >>

An Wang, Li Zou. Persistent homology for structural characterization in disordered systems. Phys. Rev. E 111, 045306. Apr 17, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.045306

Also: particle, disorder, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, particle, disorder, homology

# life: trace the rise and fall of inequality in China (over 5,000 years)

<< The rise and fall of inequality in the west has been studied in detail by eminent economists such as Simon Kuznets and Thomas Piketty. But China offers a chance to go much further back in time, having maintained a unified identity and unique language for more than 5,000 years – as well as some extraordinarily detailed dynastic archives. >>

<< Using these, a team of economists including the author of (Their) latest Insights long read, Peng Zhou from Cardiff University, set out to trace the impact of technological advances – from the revolutionary iron plough to block printing and imperial exams – on inequality in China’s imperial dynasties spanning two millennia. >>

<< Their conclusions have some fascinating implications for today’s technological panic over the rise of AI. As we stand at the edge of this latest technological cliff, history whispers: “Calm down. You’ve been here before.” >>

Mike Herd. The Daily. theconversation.com. UK Edition. Apr 25, 2025.

https://theconversationuk.cmail20.com/t/r-e-thdttlkt-ukutudjrtl-r/

Peng Zhou. What 2,000 years of Chinese history reveals about today’s AI-driven technology panic – and the future of inequality. theconversation.com. Apr 24, 2025.

https://theconversation.com/what-2-000-years-of-chinese-history-reveals-about-todays-ai-driven-technology-panic-and-the-future-of-inequality-254505

Also: Are you ready for all this?  in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, oops, are you ready for all this

# gst: how noise affects memory in linear recurrent networks

<< The effects of noise on memory in a linear recurrent network are theoretically investigated. Memory is characterized by its ability to store previous inputs in its instantaneous state of network, which receives a correlated or uncorrelated noise. >>

<< Two major properties are revealed: First, the memory reduced by noise is uniquely determined by the noise's power spectral density (PSD). Second, the memory will not decrease regardless of noise intensity if the PSD is in a certain class of distribution (including power law). >>

JingChuan Guan, Tomoyuki Kubota, et al. How noise affects memory in linear recurrent networks. Phys. Rev. Research 7, 023049. Apr 14, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023049

Also: noise, network, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, noise, network, memory

# life: Trump-Musk, an evolution of the mjq model, one of the two attractors is a phantom entity

<< Elon Musk may be easing off his role at the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE ), but President Donald Trump isn't easing off his praise. >>

<< On Wednesday, Trump praised Musk's smarts and patriotism during an executive order signing in the Oval Office, brushing off critics and defending the tech mogul’s work on federal reform. >>

<< "He’s an incredible… brilliant guy," Trump said. "He was a tremendous help both in the campaign, and in what he's done with DOGE." >>

<< DOGE, launched in 2025, has served as a hallmark of Trump’s second-term agenda to cut waste, streamline federal agencies, and apply private sector principles to federal operations. >>

Jasmine Baehr. Trump praises Elon Musk as ‘patriot, a brilliant guy, and a friend of mine’ amid DOGE exit. Foxnews.com. Apr23, 2025 10:43pm EDT.

https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-praises-elon-musk-patriot-brilliant-guy-friend-mine-amid-doge-exit

Also: mjq in Font https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=mjq 

mjq in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry) attrattore cooperativo bipolare (nell' elastici spigoli). March 05, 2007.

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2007/03/2124-attrattore-cooperativo-bipolare.html

Also: (Perpetual post-Donald, implemented in an artificial intelligence machine). Exponential post-Donald (without Donald), how AI could interfere (drive) next political elections. FonT. May 9, 2023.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2023/05/life-exponential-post-donald-without.html

Also: Mr. Donald, artificial intell, jazz, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, mjq, jazz, Donald, ai, artificial intelligence

# gst: stochastic surfing turbulent vorticity.

<< The chaotic dynamics of small-scale vorticity plays a key role in understanding and controlling turbulence, with direct implications for energy transfer, mixing, and coherent structure evolution. >>

Here AA << use a combination of experiments, theory and simulations to show that small magnetic particles of different densities, exploring flow regions of distinct vorticity statistics, can act as effective probes for measuring and forcing turbulence at its smallest scale. The interplay between the magnetic torque, from an externally controllable magnetic field, and hydrodynamic stresses, from small-scale turbulent vorticity, reveals an extremely rich phenomenology. >>

Notably, AA << present the first observation of stochastic resonance for particles in turbulence: turbulent fluctuations, effectively acting as noise, counterintuitively enhance the particle rotational response to external forcing. (They) identify a pronounced resonant peak in particle rotational phase-lag when the applied magnetic field matches the characteristic intensity of small-scale vortices. >>

<< Furthermore, (They) uncover a novel symmetry-breaking mechanism: an oscillating magnetic field with zero-mean angular velocity remarkably induces net particle rotation in turbulence with zero-mean vorticity, as turbulent fluctuations aid the particle in "surfing" the magnetic field. >>

Ziqi Wang, Xander M. de Wit, et al. Stochastic surfing turbulent vorticity. arXiv: 2504.08346v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Apr 11, 2025. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08346

Also: vortex, turbulence, noise, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, vortices, turbulence, turbulent fluctuations, small-scale turbulent vorticity, stochastic resonance, noise, transitions 

# gst: statistical mechanics of frustrated assemblies and incompatible graphs

<< Geometrically frustrated assemblies where building blocks misfit have been shown to generate intriguing phenomena from self-limited growth, fiber formation, to structural complexity. >>  

AA << introduce a graph theory formulation of geometrically frustrated assemblies, capturing frustrated interactions through the concept of incompatible flows, providing a direct link between structural connectivity and frustration. This theory offers a minimal yet comprehensive framework for the fundamental statistical mechanics of frustrated assemblies, and connects it to tensor gauge theory formulations of amorphous solids. >>

<< Through numerical simulations, the theory reveals new characteristics of frustrated assemblies, including two distinct percolation transitions for structure and incompatible flows, a crossover between cumulative and noncumulative frustration controlled by disorder, and a divergent length scale in their response. >>

José M. Ortiz-Tavárez, Zhen Yang, et al. Statistical Mechanics of Frustrated Assemblies and Incompatible Graphs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 147401. Apr 7, 2025. 

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.147401

arXiv: 2407.18210v1 [cond-mat.soft]. Thu, 25 Jul 2024.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.18210 

Also: disorder, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, disorder, transitions, percolation transitions, frustration, frustrated assemblies 

# gst: strange attractors in complex networks

<< Disorder and noise in physical systems often disrupt spatial and temporal regularity, yet chaotic systems reveal how order can emerge from unpredictable behavior. Complex networks, spatial analogs of chaos, exhibit disordered, non-Euclidean architectures with hidden symmetries, hinting at spontaneous order. Finding low-dimensional embeddings that reveal network patterns and link them to dimensionality that governs universal behavior remains a fundamental open challenge, as it needs to bridge the gap between microscopic disorder and macroscopic regularities. >>

<< Here, the minimal space revealing key network properties is introduced, showing that non-integer dimensions produce chaotic-like attractors. >>

Pablo Villegas. Strange attractors in complex networks. Phys. Rev. E 111, L042301. Apr 15, 2025. 

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.L042301.  

arXiv: 2504.08629v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech] . Apr 11, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08629

Also: disorder, disorder & fluctuations, noise, network, attractor, chaos, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, disorder, disorder & fluctuations, noise, networks, attractors, self-similarity, chaos 

# gst: weird quasiperiodic attractors

AA << consider a class of n-dimensional, n≥2, piecewise linear discontinuous maps that can exhibit a new type of attractor, called a weird quasiperiodic attractor. While the dynamics associated with these attractors may appear chaotic, (They)  prove that chaos cannot occur. The considered class of n-dimensional maps allows for any finite number of partitions, separated by various types of discontinuity sets. The key characteristic, beyond discontinuity, is that all functions defining the map have the same real fixed point. These maps cannot have hyperbolic cycles other than the fixed point itself. >>

Laura Gardini, Davide Radi, et al. Abundance of weird quasiperiodic attractors in piecewise linear discontinuous maps. arXiv: 2504.04778v1 [math.DS]. Apr 7, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.04778

Also: attractor, chaos, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, attractors, weird attractors, chaos

# gst: elastic instability of wormlike micelle solution flow in serpentine channels

AA << investigated the flow behavior of a highly elastic, shear-thinning, semi-dilute (Wormlike micelle) WLM solution in serpentine channels at low Reynolds number and moderate Weissenberg numbers. >>

Their << flow visualization experiments revealed three key phenomena: >>

1. << At low Wi, the base flow is steady and laminar but exhibits spatial asymmetry with wall slip, reflecting the shear-thinning and shear banding properties of the WLM solution. Above a critical Wi (..) the flow undergoes an elastic instability and transitions to a 3D unsteady flow state characterized by pronounced spatiotemporal velocity fluctuations. (..). >>

2. << Alongside this unstable bulk flow, dead zones of stagnant fluid form in the downstream portion of halfloops—reflecting the ability of the WLM solution to support shear localization, complementing reports of dead zone formation for other types of complex fluids (..). Due to coupling to the velocity fluctuations in the bulk flow, these dead zones fluctuate in their size; however, they are bounded by a maximalsize that minimizes the fluid streamline curvature, and therefore the generation of elastic stresses. Dead zones also exhibit multistable behavior—forming and persisting in some half-loops, not forming in other half-loops, and randomly switching between these two states. (..). >>

3. << The unstable flow state also features intermittent, 3D “twisting” velocity inversion events amid the spatiotemporally-fluctuating bulk flow. These twisting events reduce the hydrodynamic tortuosity compared to the base flow state, and their geometric structure can also be rationalized as minimizing the fluid streamline curvature, and therefore the generation of elastic stresses. >>

Emily Y. Chen, Sujit S. Datta. Elastic instability of wormlike micelle solution flow in serpentine channels. arXiv: 2504.02951v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.02951

Also: elastic, instability, disorder & fluctuations, transition, behav, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, elasticity, instability, disorder & fluctuations, transition, behavior, multistable behavior, randomly switch, twisting events, dead zone

# gst: apropos of drift-waves, their coherent puff and slugs in transitional turbulence.

<< The long-term development of the transitional regime of drift-wave turbulence is studied in a magnetized plasma column by means of the conditional-average technique. >>

<< In the transitional regime, small changes in the magnetic-field strength as control parameter lead to large changes in the correlation times, indicating the existence of a critical point of an underlying nonequilibrium continuous phase transition. >>

<< This and the spatiotemporal dynamics shows similarities to puff splitting, slug-gap splitting, and puff jamming. >>️

P. Manz, S. Knauer, et al. Coherent puff and slugs in transitional drift-wave turbulence. Phys. Rev. E 111, 045203. April 8, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.045203

Also: waves, turbulence, jamming, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, waves, drift-waves, turbulence, jamming, transition, puff splitting, slug-gap splitting, puff jamming 

# gst: experimental investigation of turbulence modulation by deformable bubbles

<< In this work (AA) experimentally investigate the turbulence modulation in the wake of deforming bubbles in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, in the regime where the turbulence fluctuation is stronger than or comparable to the bubble rising velocity. >>

<< In a quiescent or weak turbulence, the wake has a persistent direction due to the buoyancy. In turbulence, however, (Their) results suggest that the decorrelation time for the slip velocity roughly equals the bubble-sized eddy turn over time. It suggests that, when turbulence becomes intense enough, the slip velocity changes its direction and magnitude so frequently that a wake barely has time to develop. >>

<< As a result, both the intensity and length of the wake are significantly modified. Nevertheless, with sufficient bubble Reynolds number, the wake, albeit limited, can still modulate surrounding turbulence. >>

<< The results suggest that the local turbulence is augmented by the bubble wake, and the amount of augmentation depends heavily on the bubble Reynolds number, the orientation of the bubble semimajor axis relative to the slip velocity, and the bubble deformation. >>️

Xu Xu, Shiyong Tan, et al. Experimental investigation of turbulence modulation by deformable bubbles. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 033605. March 31, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.033605

Also: bubble, disorder & fluctuations, turbulence, vortex, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bubble, deformable bubbles, bubble wake, bubble-bubble interaction, disorder & fluctuations, turbulence, turbulence modulation, surrounding turbulence, vortex, slip velocity, buoyancy

# gst: switching from active Brownian motion to stationary rotation of Janus particles in a viscoelastic fluid.

<< Swimming micro-objects exist in viscoelastic fluids. Elucidating the effect of viscoelasticity on the motion of these objects is important for understanding their behavior. >>

AA << examined the motion of Janus particles self-propelled by induced charge electrophoresis over a wide range of speeds in semidilute polymer solutions. In (Their) system, the motion of Janus particles changed from active Brownian motion to stationary rotation as the speed increased. The torque for stationary rotation originates from the difference between the direction of self-propulsion and that of the time-delayed restoring force from the polymer solution, which has been reported in another self-propelled particle system. The switch from active Brownian motion to stationary rotation at different polymer concentrations can be explained by the Weisenberg number, which is defined as the ratio of the relaxation time of the polymer network to the travel time of the Janus particle to its size. >>

Keita Saito, Ryunosuke Kawano, et al. Self-propelled motion of induced-charge electrophoretic Janus particles in viscoelastic fluids. Phys. Rev. E 111, 045409. Apr 10, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.045409

️

Also: Janus, transition, particle, in FonT:

Janus https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=janus 

transition https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=transition 

particle https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=particle

Keywords: gst, Janus, transitions, particles, self-propelled particles

# gst: chaotic and time-periodic edge states in square duct flow.

AA << analyse the dynamics within the stability boundary between laminar and turbulent square duct flow with the aid of an edge-tracking algorithm. As for the circular pipe, the edge state turns out to be a chaotic attractor within the edge if the flow is not constrained to a symmetric subspace. The chaotic edge state dynamics is characterised by a sequence of alternating quiescent phases and regularly occurring bursting episodes. These latter reflect the different stages of the well-known streak-vortex interaction in near-wall turbulence: the edge states feature most of the time a single streak with a number of flanking quasi-streamwise vortices attached to one of the four surrounding walls. The initially straight streak undergoes the classical linear instability and eventually breaks in an intense bursting event due to the action of the quasi-streamwise vortices. At the same time, the vortices give rise to a new generation of low-speed streaks at one of the neighbouring walls, thereby causing the turbulent activity to `switch' from one wall to the other. >>

<< When restricting the edge dynamics to a single or twofold mirror-symmetric subspace, on the other hand, the outlined bursting and wall-switching episodes become self-recurrent in time. These edge states thus represent the first periodic orbits found in the square duct. In contrast to the chaotic edge states in the non-symmetric case, the imposed symmetries enforce analogue bursting cycles to simultaneously appear at two parallel opposing walls in a mirror-symmetric configuration. Both localisation of the turbulent activity to one or two walls and wall switching are shown to be a common phenomenon in low Reynolds number duct turbulence. (They) therefore argue that the marginally turbulent trajectories transiently visit the identified edge states during these episodes, so that the edge states become actively involved in the turbulent dynamics. >>️

Markus Scherer, Markus Uhlmann, Genta Kawahara. Chaotic and time-periodic edge states in square duct flow. arXiv: 2503.22519v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Mar 28, 2025️. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22519

Also: turbulence, chaos, vortex, instability, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, turbulence, duct turbulence, chaos, chaotic edge states, vortex, instability, wall-switching episodes, bursting cycles 

# gst: apropos of odd droplets; fluids with broken symmetries could self-control their mechanics.

<< Flows with deformable interfaces are commonly controlled by applying an external field or modifying the boundaries that interact with the fluid, (..) Here, (AA) demonstrate that fluids with broken symmetries can self-control their mechanics. (They) demonstrate that odd viscosity dramatically disrupts conventional symmetric spreading by inducing asymmetric deformations and chiral flow patterns. (Their) analysis reveals a variety of dynamic regimes, including leftward and rightward bouncing, as well as rolling, depending on the relative strength of the odd viscosity. >>️

Hugo França, Maziyar Jalaal. Odd Droplets: Fluids with Odd Viscosity and Highly Deformable Interfaces. arXiv: 2503.21649v1 [cond-mat.soft]. Mar 27, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21649

Also: drop, droplet, droploid, chiral, bouncing, rolling, slipping, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, drop, droplet, droploid, chirality, bouncing, rolling, slipping, oddity, odd viscosity, self-control

# gst: multiparticle dispersion in rotating-stratified turbulent flows (when stratification increases turbulent fluctuations may not be weaker)

AA << study the relative movement of groups of two (pairs) and four (tetrahedra) Lagrangian particles using direct numerical simulations of the stably stratified Boussinsesq equations, with Brunt-Väisälä frequency 𝑁 and Coriolis parameter 𝑓. >>

<< In all cases considered, (AA) demonstrate that the relative particle motion differs depending on whether dispersion is considered forward or backward in time, although the asymmetry becomes less pronounced when stratification and rotation increase. On the other hand, the strong fluctuations in the dispersion between two particles become more extreme when 𝑁 and 𝑓  increase. (They) also find evidence for the formation of shear layers, which become more pronounced as 𝑁 and 𝑓  become larger. Finally, (They) show that the irreversibility on the dispersion of a set of particles initially forming a regular tetrahedron becomes weaker when the influence of stratification and rotation increases, a property that (They) relate to that of the perceived rate-of-strain tensor. >>️

<< Unexpectedly, (AA) observe that the higher moments of particle separation, in particular the normalized fourth-order central moment of the separation (the kurtosis Kr) is an increasing function of stratification and rotation. This is surprising, as when stratification increases the turbulent fluctuations are expected to be weaker, (..) >>️

Sebastian Gallon, Fabio Feraco, et al. Multiparticle dispersion in rotating-stratified turbulent flows. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 034605. Mar 17, 2025. 

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.034605

Also: particle, turbulence, disorder & fluctuations, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, particle, turbulence, disorder, fluctuations

# gst: conventional and anomalous mobility edges in a quasiperiodic chain.

<< Mobility edges (MEs) constitute the energies separating the localized states from the extended ones in disordered systems. Going beyond this conventional definition, recent proposal suggests for an ME which separates the localized and multifractal states in certain quasiperiodic systems - dubbed as the anomalous mobility edges (AMEs). >>

<< In this study, (AA) propose an exactly solvable quasiperiodic system that hosts both the conventional and anomalous mobility edges under proper conditions. (They) show that with increase in quasiperiodic disorder strength, the system first undergoes a delocalization to localization transition through an ME of conventional type. >>

<< Surprisingly, with further increase in disorder, (They) obtain that a major fraction of the localized states at the middle of the spectrum turn multifractal in nature. Such unconventional behavior in the spectrum results in two AMEs, which continue to exist even for stronger quasiperiodic disorder. >>

AA << numerically obtain the signatures of the coexisting MEs complement it through analytical derivation using Avila's global theory. In the end (They) provide important signatures from the wavepacket dynamics. >>️

Sanchayan Banerjee, Soumya Ranjan Padhi, Tapan Mishra. Emergence of distinct exact mobility edges in a quasiperiodic chain. arXiv: 2503.19834v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas]. Mar 25, 2025.️

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.19834

Also: edge, order, disorder, waves, transition,  in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, edge, order, disorder, waves, transition 

# gst: apropos of bubble rearrangements, transition from slip to scraping as critical-like behavior in foam dynamics.

<< Jamming systems, including colloids, emulsions, foams, and biological tissues, undergo significant deformation during processes like material scraping or wound self-healing. To adequately spread a foam or cream over a surface, external force must be applied to artificially scrape it. Notably, the transition from slip to scraping when foam is manipulated using a rigid plate remains poorly understood. >>

<< Systematic observations of the internal foam structure during scraping were conducted, and the scraping length was qualitatively analyzed by varying the scraping velocity. (AA) study reveals that the transition from slip to scraping is driven by the sequential propagation of bubble rearrangements. Furthermore, the scraping length diverges towards the transition point, with a critical exponent of approximately 0.61. >>

<< These findings align with directional percolation theory, underscoring the robustness of the theoretical framework. >>

Masaya Endo, Rei Kurita. Critical-like behavior in foam dynamics: Transition from slip to scraping. Phys. Rev. Research 7, 023013. Apr 3, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023013

Also: bubble, foam, jamming, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bubble, bubble rearrangements, foam, jamming, transition, criticality, scraping,  percolation

# life: detecting hallucinations (in large language models) using semantic entropy.

<< Large language model (LLM) systems, such as ChatGPT or Gemini, can show impressive reasoning and question-answering capabilities but often ‘hallucinate’ false outputs and unsubstantiated answers. >>

<< Here (AA) develop new methods grounded in statistics, proposing entropy-based uncertainty estimators for LLMs to detect a subset of hallucinations— confabulations— which are arbitrary and incorrect generations. (Their) method addresses the fact that one idea can be expressed in many ways by computing uncertainty at the level of meaning rather than specific sequences of words. >>

Their method << works across datasets and tasks without a priori knowledge of the task, requires no task-specific data and robustly generalizes to new tasks not seen before. By detecting when a prompt is likely to produce a confabulation, helps users understand when they must take extra care with LLMs and opens up new possibilities for using LLMs that are otherwise prevented by their unreliability. >>️️

Sebastian Farquhar, Jannik Kossen, et al. Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy. Nature 630, 625–630. Jun 19, 2024.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07421-0

Also: ai (artificial intell) (bot), entropy, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, artificial intelligence,  LLMs, confabulations, uncertainty, hallucinations, entropy, semantic entropy

# gst: asymptotic scaling in a one-dimensional billiard

<< The emergence of power laws that govern the large-time dynamics of a one-dimensional billiard of N point particles is analysed. In the initial state, the resting particles are placed in the positive half-line x≥0 at equal distances. Their masses alternate between two distinct values. The dynamics is initialized by giving the leftmost particle a positive velocity. >>

<< Due to elastic inter-particle collisions the whole system gradually comes into motion, filling both right and left half-lines. As shown by S. Chakraborti, et al. (2022), an inherent feature of such a billiard is the emergence of two different modes: the shock wave that propagates in x≥0 and the splash region in x<0. >>

<< Moreover, the behaviour of the relevant observables is characterized by universal asymptotic power-law dependencies. In view of the finite size of the system and of finite observation times, these dependencies only start to acquire a universal character. To analyse them, (AA) set up molecular dynamics simulations using the concept of effective scaling exponents, familiar in the theory of continuous phase transitions. (They) present results for the effective exponents that govern the large-time behaviour of the shock-wave front, the number of collisions, the energies and momentum of different modes and analyse their tendency to approach corresponding universal values. >>️

<< A characteristic feature of the billiard problem (AA) have considered (..) is the lack of a priori randomness, neither in the distribution of masses nor in the inter-particle distances. Therefore, the emergence of the hydrodynamic power-law asymptotics– pointing to the stochastic background of the underlying process– may be interpreted as a kind of self-averaging in the system.  >>️

Taras Holovatch, Yuri Kozitsky, et al. Effective and asymptotic scaling in a one-dimensional billiard problem. arXiv: 2503.20476v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]. Mar 26, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20476

Also: billiard, random, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, billiard, randomness 

# gst: evolution of robust cell differentiation mechanisms under epigenetic feedback

<< In multi-cellular organisms, cells differentiate into multiple types as they divide. States of these cell types, as well as their numbers, are known to be robust to external perturbations; as conceptualized by Waddington's epigenetic landscape where cells embed themselves in valleys corresponding with final cell types. >>

<< How is such robustness achieved by developmental dynamics and evolution? To address this question, (AA) consider a model of cells with gene expression dynamics and epigenetic feedback, governed by a gene regulation network. By evolving the network to achieve more cell types, (They) identified three major differentiation mechanisms exhibiting different properties regarding their variance, attractors, stability, and robustness. >>

<< The first of these mechanisms, type A, exhibits chaos and long-lived oscillatory dynamics that slowly transition until reaching a steady state. The second, type B, follows a channeled annealing process where the epigenetic changes in combination with noise shift the stable landscape of the cells towards varying final cell states. Lastly, type C exhibits a quenching process where cell fate is quickly decided by falling into pre-existing fixed points while cell trajectories are separated through periodic attractors or saddle points. >>

AA << find types A and B to correspond well with Waddington's landscape while being robust. Finally, the dynamics of type B demonstrate a novel method through dimensional reduction of gene-expression states during differentiation. >>

Davey Plugers, Kunihiko Kaneko. Evolution of robust cell differentiation mechanisms under epigenetic feedback. arXiv: 2503.20651v1 [physics.bio-ph]. Mar 26, 2025. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20651

Also: evolution, noise, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, evolution, noise, epigenetics, epigenetic feedback, differentiation

# gst: when a phase transition could be controlled by a fixed point of infinite disorder

AA << apply a real-space block renormalization group approach to study the critical properties of the random transverse-field Ising spin chain with multispin interactions. First (They) recover the known properties of the traditional model with two-spin interactions by applying the renormalization approach for arbitrary size of the block. For the model with three-spin couplings (They) calculate the critical point and demonstrate that the phase transition is controlled by an infinite disorder fixed point. (AA) have determined the typical correlation-length critical exponent, which seems to be different from that of the random transverse Ising chain with nearest-neighbor couplings. Thus this model represents a new infinite disorder universality class. >>️

Ferenc Iglói, Yu-Cheng Lin. Random quantum Ising model with three-spin couplings. arXiv:2503.18690v1 [cond-mat.dis-nn]. Mar 24, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18690

Also: disorder, order, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, disorder, order, transition

# life: and so the short run matters, by John.

<<  Good Wednesday morning, and happy Liberation Day. This is Jack Blanchard, off to panic-buy Yorkshire Tea and Scotch whisky before the tariffs kick in.  >>️

<<  Fears on the Hill: In particular, the numerous free-traders in the GOP’s ranks on the Hill are feeling pretty darn uncomfortable about what’s coming. Sen. John Kennedy (R-La.) said he hopes the president’s plan is ultimately to use the threat of tariffs to force other nations to strip back their own. “In the long run, [it] will probably work,” he said. “The problem is that in the long run, we’re all dead. And so the short run matters.”  >>

Jack Blanchard. A message to Musk. Politico. Playbook. Apr 02, 2025. 

https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2025/04/02/a-message-to-musk-00265583  

Also: Mr. Donald, Mr. Vlad, Mr. Chen, RAG-time, triptych, crack, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, Mr. Donald, Mr. Vlad, Mr. Chen, RAG-time, triptych, crack