# life: Trump-Musk, an evolution of the mjq model, one of the two attractors is a phantom entity

<< Elon Musk may be easing off his role at the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE ), but President Donald Trump isn't easing off his praise. >>

<< On Wednesday, Trump praised Musk's smarts and patriotism during an executive order signing in the Oval Office, brushing off critics and defending the tech mogul’s work on federal reform. >>

<< "He’s an incredible… brilliant guy," Trump said. "He was a tremendous help both in the campaign, and in what he's done with DOGE." >>

<< DOGE, launched in 2025, has served as a hallmark of Trump’s second-term agenda to cut waste, streamline federal agencies, and apply private sector principles to federal operations. >>

Jasmine Baehr. Trump praises Elon Musk as ‘patriot, a brilliant guy, and a friend of mine’ amid DOGE exit. Foxnews.com. Apr23, 2025 10:43pm EDT.

https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-praises-elon-musk-patriot-brilliant-guy-friend-mine-amid-doge-exit

Also: mjq in Font https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=mjq 

mjq in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry) attrattore cooperativo bipolare (nell' elastici spigoli). March 05, 2007.

https://inkpi.blogspot.com/2007/03/2124-attrattore-cooperativo-bipolare.html

Also: (Perpetual post-Donald, implemented in an artificial intelligence machine). Exponential post-Donald (without Donald), how AI could interfere (drive) next political elections. FonT. May 9, 2023.

https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/2023/05/life-exponential-post-donald-without.html

Also: Mr. Donald, artificial intell, jazz, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: life, mjq, jazz, Donald, ai, artificial intelligence

# gst: stochastic surfing turbulent vorticity.

<< The chaotic dynamics of small-scale vorticity plays a key role in understanding and controlling turbulence, with direct implications for energy transfer, mixing, and coherent structure evolution. >>

Here AA << use a combination of experiments, theory and simulations to show that small magnetic particles of different densities, exploring flow regions of distinct vorticity statistics, can act as effective probes for measuring and forcing turbulence at its smallest scale. The interplay between the magnetic torque, from an externally controllable magnetic field, and hydrodynamic stresses, from small-scale turbulent vorticity, reveals an extremely rich phenomenology. >>

Notably, AA << present the first observation of stochastic resonance for particles in turbulence: turbulent fluctuations, effectively acting as noise, counterintuitively enhance the particle rotational response to external forcing. (They) identify a pronounced resonant peak in particle rotational phase-lag when the applied magnetic field matches the characteristic intensity of small-scale vortices. >>

<< Furthermore, (They) uncover a novel symmetry-breaking mechanism: an oscillating magnetic field with zero-mean angular velocity remarkably induces net particle rotation in turbulence with zero-mean vorticity, as turbulent fluctuations aid the particle in "surfing" the magnetic field. >>

Ziqi Wang, Xander M. de Wit, et al. Stochastic surfing turbulent vorticity. arXiv: 2504.08346v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Apr 11, 2025. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08346

Also: vortex, turbulence, noise, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, vortices, turbulence, turbulent fluctuations, small-scale turbulent vorticity, stochastic resonance, noise, transitions 

# gst: evolution of robust cell differentiation mechanisms under epigenetic feedback

<< In multi-cellular organisms, cells differentiate into multiple types as they divide. States of these cell types, as well as their numbers, are known to be robust to external perturbations; as conceptualized by Waddington's epigenetic landscape where cells embed themselves in valleys corresponding with final cell types. >>

<< How is such robustness achieved by developmental dynamics and evolution? To address this question, (AA) consider a model of cells with gene expression dynamics and epigenetic feedback, governed by a gene regulation network. By evolving the network to achieve more cell types, (They) identified three major differentiation mechanisms exhibiting different properties regarding their variance, attractors, stability, and robustness. >>

<< The first of these mechanisms, type A, exhibits chaos and long-lived oscillatory dynamics that slowly transition until reaching a steady state. The second, type B, follows a channeled annealing process where the epigenetic changes in combination with noise shift the stable landscape of the cells towards varying final cell states. Lastly, type C exhibits a quenching process where cell fate is quickly decided by falling into pre-existing fixed points while cell trajectories are separated through periodic attractors or saddle points. >>

AA << find types A and B to correspond well with Waddington's landscape while being robust. Finally, the dynamics of type B demonstrate a novel method through dimensional reduction of gene-expression states during differentiation. >>

Davey Plugers, Kunihiko Kaneko. Evolution of robust cell differentiation mechanisms under epigenetic feedback. arXiv: 2503.20651v1 [physics.bio-ph]. Mar 26, 2025. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20651

Also: evolution, noise, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, evolution, noise, epigenetics, epigenetic feedback, differentiation

# gst: droplet bag formation in turbulent airflows.

AA << present numerical simulations investigating the evolution of liquid droplets into baglike structures in turbulent airflows. The droplet bag breakup problem is of significance for many multiphase processes in scientific and engineering applications. Turbulent fluctuations are introduced synthetically into a mean flow, and the droplet is inserted when the air-phase turbulence reaches a statistically stationary state. The morphological evolution of the droplet under different turbulence configurations is retrieved and analyzed in comparison with laminar aerobreakup results. While the detailed evolution history of individual droplets varies widely between different realizations of the turbulent flow, common dynamic and morphological evolution patterns are observed. >>

<< The presence of turbulence is found to enhance the drag coefficient of the droplet as it flattens. At late times, the droplet becomes tilted and increasingly corrugated under strong turbulence intensity. (AA) quantify these phenomena and discuss their possible governing mechanisms associated with turbulence intermittency. >>

<< Lastly, the influences of liquid-gas viscosity ratio are examined and the implications of air-phase turbulence on the later bag film breakup process are discussed. >>️

Kaitao Tang, Thomas A. A. Adcock, Wouter Mostert. Droplet bag formation in turbulent airflows. Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 033604. March 19, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.033604

Also: drop, droplet, droploid, turbulence, fluctuations, intermittency, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, drop, droplet, droploid, turbulence, fluctuations, intermittency

# gst: turbulence-induced fluctuating interfaces in heterogeneously-active suspensions.

AA << investigate the effects of heterogeneous (spatially varying) activity in a hydrodynamical model for dense bacterial suspensions, confining ourselves to experimentally realizable, simple, quenched, activity patterns. (They) show that the evolution of the bacterial velocity field under such activity patterning leads to the emergence of hydrodynamic interfaces separating spatially localized turbulence from jammed frictional surroundings. (They) characterise the intermittent and multiscale fluctuations of this interface and also investigate how heterogeneity influences mixing via the residence times of Lagrangian tracers. >>

This AA work << reveals how naturally occurring heterogeneities could decisively steer active flows into more complex configurations than those typically studied, opening up parallels to droplet dynamics, front propagation and turbulent mixing layers. >>️

Siddhartha Mukherjee, Kunal Kumar, Samriddhi Sankar Ray. Turbulence-Induced Fluctuating Interfaces in Heterogeneously-Active Suspensions. arXiv: 2502.16443v1 [cond-mat.soft]. Feb 23, 2025. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16443

Also: fluctuations, turbulence, vortex, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, fluctuations, vortices, turbulence, turbulent and quiescent flows

# jazz. Got the Feeling. John McLaughlin, Jeff Beck. Live at Avery Fisher Hall, New York. Apr 30, 1975.

0:00​ Django 2002 

11:14​ Scatterbrain 2002 

15:48​ Manic Depression 1998 

23:11​ Power 1975 

28:54​ Early Led Boots/Power, Jam 1975 

37:58​ Diamond Dust, Jam 1975 

43:56​ Got the Feeling 1975 

1:07:49​ Django 1995 

1:15:12​ Cause We've Ended As Lovers 2023 

"Django" 

"Scatterbrain" 

live at the Royal Festival Hall on 14 September 2002. 

Tony Hymas on keyboards, Randy Hope-Taylor on bass, Stephen Barney on drums. Terry Bozzio (2nd drummer) and Aref Durvesh (tabla) joins on Scatterbrain! 

"Django" is a 1954 jazz standard written by John Lewis as a tribute to the Belgian-born jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt. 

    • Django  ​ from Django album by the Modern Jazz Quartet, released in 1956. 

    • Django  ​ from Evolution solo piano album by John Lewis, released in 1999. 

"Scatterbrain" written by Jeff Beck and Max Middleton. 

    • Scatterbrain  ​ originally from 1975 album Blow By Blow. 

"Manic Depression" 

live from Montreux Jazz Festival 1998. 

    • Manic Depression  ​ originally by Jimi Hendrix. 

"Power" 

live at Auditorium Theatre, Milwaukee, Wisconsin on 10 May 1975. 

Jeff Beck - Guitar, John McLaughlin - Guest Guitar, Wilbur Bascomb - Bass, Max Middleton - Keyboards, Bernard "Pretty" Purdie - Drums. 

    • Power  ​ originally by Stanley Clarke. 

"Early Led Boots/Power, Jam" 

"Diamond Dust, Jam" 

live at Reunion Arena, Dallas, Texas 11 June 1975. 

Jeff Beck as guest guitarist with Mahavishnu Orchestra. John McLaughlin: electric guitar, Ralphe Armstrong: electric bass, Stu Goldberg: keyboards, Steve Kindler: violin, Carol Shive: violin, Norma Jean Bell: saxophone, Premik Russel Tubbs: saxophone, Philip Hirschi: cello, Narada Michael Walden: drums. 

    • Led Boots  ​ from 1976 Wired album. 

    • Diamond Dust  ​ from 1975 Blow By Blow album. 

"Got the Feeling" 

live at Avery Fisher Hall, New York 30 April 1975. 

Jeff Beck - Guitar, John McLaughlin - Guest Guitar, Wilbur Bascomb - Bass, Max Middleton - Keyboards, Bernard Purdie - Drums. 

    • Got the Feeling  ​ from 1971 Rough And Ready album. 

"Django" 

Jeff Beck & John McLaughlin on guitars, Tony Hymas on keyboards, Pino Palladino on bass, Mark Mondesir on drums 

    • Django (Instrumental)  ​ from The Promise album by John McLaughlin, released in 1995. 

"Cause We've Ended As Lovers" 

live at Hanover, Germany 10th October 2023 by John McLaughlin Quintet: bassist Etienne Mbappe, drummer Ranjit Barot, pianist Jany McPherson and Gary Husband on keyboards. Written by Stevie Wonder. 

    • Cause We've Ended as Lovers  ​ from 1975 Blow By Blow album. 

    • Cause We've Ended As Lovers  ​ from 1974 Stevie Wonder Presents Syreeta album. 

@chromedreamer. Jul 6, 2024

https://youtu.be/VLjm1ARIhjA

Also: jazz, music, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: jazz, music

# gst: route from avalanches with random fields to stochastic branching events

<< Many complex systems with discrete symmetry breaking exhibit avalanche dynamics. Under quasistatically slow external driving, the temporal evolution v(t) of physical observables appears to be split between long periods of quiescence and well-delimited fast transformation events, the so-called avalanches. >>

<< Due to their fast nature, such avalanches can be regarded as instantaneous and labeled as point events k in time with a branching parameter. (..) Many physical systems exhibit criticality in the form of scale-free avalanches rendering power-law distributions of sizes and durations. >>️

<< Avalanches in mean-field models can be mapped to memoryless branching processes defining a universality class. (AA) present a reduced expression mapping a broad family of critical and subcriticial avalanches in mean-field models at the thermodynamic limit to rooted trees in a memoryless Poisson branching processes with random occurrence times. (They) derive the exact mapping for the athermal random field Ising model and the democratic fiber bundle model, where avalanche statistics progress towards criticality, and as an approximation for the self-organized criticality in slip mean-field theory. Avalanche dynamics and statistics in the three models differ only on the evolution of the field density, interaction strength, and the product of both terms determining the branching number. >>

️

Jordi Baró, Álvaro Corral. A universal route from avalanches in mean-field models with random fields to stochastic Poisson branching events. arXiv: 2502.08526v3 [cond-mat.dis-nn]. Feb 15, 2025. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08526

Also: waves, instability, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, waves, instability, transition

# life: spontaneous emergence of run-and-tumble-like dynamics in coupled self-propelled bots.

<< Drawing inspiration from the motility behaviour of microorganisms, we introduce a highly tunable, robotic system self-actuating into the run-and-tumble (RT)-like motion. It comprises two disk-shaped, centimeter-scale programmable robots individually programmed to perform overdamped active Brownian (AB) motion and connected by a rigid rod. The rod is attached to pivot points located on off-centered, mirror-symmetric points on each robot, allowing for its free rotation at both ends. >>

AA << show that the collective dynamics of this system execute RT-like motion with characteristic sharp tumble events and exponentially distributed run times, similar to those observed in microorganisms. (They) further quantify emerging dynamics in terms of tumbling frequency and tune it over a wide range of experimental parameters. >>

AA << also develop a theoretical model that reproduces our experimental results and elucidates the underlying physical mechanisms governing the rich phase behavior of RT motion. >>

 ️

Somnath Paramanick, Umashankar Pardhi, et al. Spontaneous emergence of run-and-tumble-like dynamics in coupled self-propelled robots: experiment and theory. arXiv: 2502.01257v1 [cond-mat.soft]. Feb 3, 2025.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01257

Also: behav, evolution, bot, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, life, behavior, evolution, bots, self-propelled bots, run-and-tumble motion 

# gst: multiple Pareto-optimal solutions of the dissipation-adaptation trade-off

<< Adaptation refers to the ability to recover and maintain “normal” function on perturbations of internal or external conditions and is essential for sustaining life. Biological adaptation mechanisms are dissipative, i.e., they require a supply of energy such as the coupling to the hydrolysis of ATP. Via evolution the underlying biochemical machinery of living organisms evolved into highly optimized states. However, in the case of adaptation processes two quantities are optimized simultaneously, the adaptation speed or accuracy and the thermodynamic cost. In such cases one typically faces a trade-off, where improving one quantity implies worsening the other. The solution is no longer unique but rather a Pareto set—the set of all physically attainable protocols along which no quantity can be improved without worsening another. >> 

AA << investigate Pareto fronts in adaptation-dissipation trade-offs for a cellular thermostat and a minimal ATP-driven receptor-ligand reaction network. (They) find convex sections of Pareto fronts to be interrupted by concave regions, implying the coexistence of distinct optimization mechanisms. (They) discuss the implications of such “compromise-optimal” solutions and argue that they may endow biological systems with a superior flexibility to evolve, resist, and adapt to different environments. >>️

Jorge Tabanera-Bravo, Aljaz Godec. Multiple Pareto-optimal solutions of the dissipation-adaptation trade-off. 

Phys. Rev. Research 7, 013020. Jan 7, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.013020

Also: 'dissipation' in FonT  https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=dissipation

Also: 'adaptation' in FonT  https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=adaptation   in Notes (quasi-stochastic poetry) (a) https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=adaptation   

(b) https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=adattamento

Keywords: gst, adaptation, dissipation

# gst: apropos of viscoelastic flow instabilities, uncertainty in elastic turbulence.

<< Elastic turbulence can lead to increased flow resistance, mixing and heat transfer. Its control - either suppression or promotion - has significant potential, and there is a concerted ongoing effort by the community to improve our understanding. >>

AA << identify four regimes of uncertainty evolution, characterised by I) rapid transfer to large scales, with large scale growth rates of τ6 (where τ represents time), II) a dissipative reduction of uncertainty, III) exponential growth at all scales, and IV) saturation. These regimes are governed by the interplay between advective and polymeric contributions (which tend to amplify uncertainty), viscous, relaxation and dissipation effects (which reduce uncertainty), and inertial contributions. >>

<< In elastic turbulence, reducing Reynolds number increases uncertainty at short times, but does not significantly influence the growth of uncertainty at later times. At late times, the growth of uncertainty increases with Weissenberg number, with decreasing polymeric diffusivity, and with the logarithm of the maximum length scale, as large flow features adjust the balance of advective and relaxation effects. >>

Jack R. C. King, Robert J. Poole, et al. Uncertainty in Elastic Turbulence. arXiv: 2501.09421v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Jan 16, 2025. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.09421

Also: uncertainty, elastic, turbulence, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, uncertainty, elastic, elasticity, turbulence 

# gst: chaotic dynamics creates and destroys branched flow.

<< The phenomenon of branched flow, visualized as a chaotic arborescent pattern of propagating particles, waves, or rays, has been identified in disparate physical systems ranging from electrons to tsunamis, with periodic systems only recently being added to this list. >>

Here, AA << explore the laws governing the evolution of the branches in periodic potentials. On one hand, (They) observe that branch formation follows a similar pattern in all nonintegrable potentials, no matter whether the potentials are periodic or completely irregular. Chaotic dynamics ultimately drives the birth of the branches. >>

<< On the other hand, (AA) results reveal that for periodic potentials the decay of the branches exhibits new characteristics due to the presence of infinitely stable branches known as superwires. Again, the interplay between branched flow and superwires is deeply connected to Hamiltonian chaos. >>

Alexandre Wagemakers, Aleksi Hartikainen, et al. Chaotic dynamics creates and destroys branched flow. Phys. Rev. E 111, 014214. Jan 7, 2025.

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.014214

arXiv: 2406.12922v2 [nlin.PS]. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.12922

Also: chaos, waves, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, chaos, waves, branched flows, superwires, transitions

# gst: equilibrium and breakup regimes of stretched soap bubbles

AA << combine experiments and theoretical derivations to study the evolution of a stretched soap bubble and compare it with an open film to highlight the effect of volume conservation. (They) identify a critical length for both surfaces, beyond which a bottleneck develops in the middle and begins to shrink irreversibly, ultimately pinching off into multiple compartments. >>

<< Before leaving the equilibrium regime, surface energy minimization governs the shape, which can be addressed theoretically via the variational method. In contrast to open films, soap bubble volume conservation introduces a Lagrange multiplier, analogous to a pressure difference, mediating long-range shape evolution. >>

<< By examining how boundary constraints influence deformation, (AA) contrast the bubble's convex-to-concave transition with the behavior of soap films under similar conditions. (Their) analysis of equilibrium and breakup regimes reveals critical differences between bubble and film stability profiles, shedding light on universal behaviors in non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, with implications for biological and material sciences.

>>️

Wei-Chih Li, Chih-Yao Shih, et al. How soap bubbles change shape while maintaining a fixed volume of air? arXiv: 2412.17870v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Dec 21, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17870

Also: bubble, drop, droplet, droploid,  transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bubble, drop, droplet, droploid, transition

# gst: floating droplets excited with Faraday waves

<< The Faraday instability has been extensively studied in bounded containers but only recently has research on this phenomenon in flexible domains been conducted. (AA) study floating liquid droplets with Faraday waves excited on their surface, which undergo a slow time evolution toward a stable noncircular shape. (AA) develop a theoretical model for the evolution of the boundary of the droplet, thus allowing to simulate its full transient motion toward steady state. >>

<< By changing the forcing frequency and amplitude of (the) system, (They) observe a variety of stable droplet shapes. (..) Interesting transient behavior such as hysteresis is also discussed, where the final droplet shape depends on its previous shape. Finally, (They) touch upon droplets that do not reach a steady state shape, instead oscillating periodically in time or rotating at a constant angular velocity. >>️

L. Mazereeuw. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the shapes formed by floating droplets excited with Faraday waves. Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 124404. Dec 19, 2024.

https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.124404

Also: drop, waves, instability, transition, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: drops, droplets, droploids, waves, instability, Faraday instability, transitions   

# gst: nascent water waves induced by the impulsive motion of a solid wall; an unsteady hydraulic jump theory

Fig. 2: Representative cases of the different regimes of impulse waves observed: (a) dispersive wave; (b) solitary-like wave; (c) plunging breaking bore; (d) water jet 

AA << investigated the generation phase of laboratory-scale water waves induced by the impulsive motion of a rigid piston, whose maximum velocity U and total stroke L are independently varied, as well as the initial liquid depth h. By doing so, the influence of two dimensionless numbers is studied: the Froude number Frp (..), with g the gravitational acceleration, and the relative stroke Λp (..) of the piston. >>️

<< For large Froude numbers, an unsteady hydraulic jump theory is proposed, which accurately predicts the time evolution of the wave amplitude at the contact with the piston throughout the generation phase. At the end of the formation process, the dimensionless volume of the bump evolves linearly with Λp and the wave aspect ratio is found to be governed by the relative acceleration γ/g. As the piston begins its constant deceleration, the water bump evolves into a propagating wave and several regimes (such as dispersive, solitary-like and bore waves, as well as water jets) are then reported and mapped in a phase diagram in the (Frp, Λp) plane. While the transition from waves to water jets is observed if the typical acceleration of the piston is close enough to the gravitational acceleration g, the wave regimes are found to be mainly selected by the relative piston stroke Λp while the Froude number determines whether the generated wave breaks or not. >>️

️

Wladimir Sarlin, Zhaodong Niu, et al. Nascent water waves induced by the impulsive motion of a solid wall. arXiv: 2412.08216v1 [physics.flu-dyn]. Dec 11, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.08216

Also: waves, soliton, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, waves, soliton

# gst: bent and reverse bent solitons; obliquely interacting solitary waves and wave wakes in free-surface flows.

This AA paper << investigates the weakly nonlinear isotropic bi-directional Benney-Luke (BL) equation, which is used to describe oceanic surface and internal waves in shallow water, with a particular focus on soliton dynamics. Using the Whitham modulation theory, (AA) derive the modulation equations associated with the BL equation that describe the evolution of soliton amplitude and slope. By analyzing rarefaction waves and shock waves within these modulation equations, (AA) derive the Riemann invariants and modified Rankine-Hugoniot conditions. These expressions help characterize the Mach expansion and Mach reflection phenomena of bent and reverse bent solitons. >>

<< Furthermore, as a far-field approximation for the forced BL equation - which models wave and flow interactions with local topography - the modulation equations yield a slowly varying similarity solution. This solution indicates that the precursor wavefronts created by topography moving at subcritical or critical speeds take the shape of a circular arc, in contrast to the parabolic wavefronts observed in the forced KP equation. >>

Lei Hu, Xudan Luo, Zhan Wang. Obliquely interacting solitary waves and wave wakes in free-surface flows. arXiv: 2412.05034v1 [nlin.PS]. Dec 6, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05034

Also: waves, soliton, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, waves, solitons

# evol: nomads, a whole story of human evolution.

<< In pursuit of knowledge, the evolution of humanity ranks with the origins of life and the universe. And yet, except when an exciting find hits the headlines, palaeoanthropology and its related fields have gained far less scientific support and funding – particularly for scientists and institutions based in the African countries where so many landmark discoveries have occurred. >>️

<< Even the term “human” is arguable. Many scholars reserve it for modern humans like us, even though we have Neanderthal genes and they shared at least 90% of our hominin history from its beginnings around 8 million years ago. The essence of hominin evolution ever since has been gradual change, with occasional rapid phases. The record of evolution in our own genus, Homo, is already full enough to show we cannot separate ourselves with hard lines. >>️

<< Nonetheless, there is enough consensus to thread the story of human evolution all the way from early apes to modern humanity. Most of this story centres on Africa, of course, where countries such as Kenya, South Africa and Ethiopia are rightly proud of their heritage as “cradles of humankind” – providing many of their schoolchildren with a much fuller answer then those in the west to this deceptively simple question: how did we get here? >>️

John Gowlett. The whole story of human evolution – from ancient apes via Lucy to us – in one long read. theconversation.com. Nov 25, 2024.

https://theconversation.com/the-whole-story-of-human-evolution-from-ancient-apes-via-lucy-to-us-in-one-long-read-243960

Also: Nomads, evolution, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: Nomads, evolution

# gst: apropos of bubbles, the case of bubbles collapsing near a wall.

AA << study examines the pressure exerted by a cavitation bubble collapsing near a rigid wall. A laser-generated bubble in a water basin undergoes growth, collapse, second growth, and final collapse. Shock waves and liquid jets from non-spherical collapses are influenced by the stand-off ratio γ, defined as the bubble centroid distance from the wall divided by the bubble radius. (AA) detail shock mechanisms, such as tip or torus collapse, for various γ values. High-speed and Schlieren imaging visualize the microjet and shock waves. The microjet's evolution is tracked for large γ, while shock waves are captured in composite images showing multiple shock positions. Quantitative analyses of the microjet interface, shock wave velocities, and impact times are reported. Wall-mounted sensors and a needle hydrophone measure pressure and compare with high-speed observations to assess the dominant contributions to pressure changes with γ, revealing implications for cavitation erosion mechanisms. >>️

Roshan Kumar Subramanian, Zhidian Yang, et al. Bubble collapse near a wall. Part 1: An experimental study on the impact of shock waves and microjet on the wall pressure. arXiv: 2408.03479v2 [physics.flu-dyn]. Aug 8, 2024. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03479

Also: bubble, drop, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, bubble, bubble collapse 

# brain: mosaic evolution of a learning and memory circuit in Heliconiini butterflies.

<< A species of tropical butterfly with unusually expanded brain structures display a fascinating mosaic pattern of neural expansion linked to a cognitive innovation. >>

<< The study (..) investigates the neural foundations of behavioural innovation in Heliconius butterflies, the only genus known to feed on both nectar and pollen. As part of this behaviour, they demonstrate a remarkable ability to learn and remember spatial information about their food sources—skills previously connected to the expansion of a brain structure called the mushroom bodies, responsible for learning and memory. >>️

Butterfly brains reveal the tweaks required for cognitive innovation. University of Bristol. Oct 18, 2024. 

https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/october/butterfly-brains.html

Max S. Farnworth, Theodora Loupasaki, et al. Mosaic evolution of a learning and memory circuit in Heliconiini butterflies. Curr. Biol. doi: 10.1016/ j.cub.2024.09.069. Oct 18, 2024. 

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(24)01337-X

Also: brain, evolution, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: gst, brain, evolution

# game: apropos of Parrondo's paradox, winning with losses driven by reputation and reciprocity

AA << investigate two such social behaviors, reputation and reciprocity, and their role in explaining Darwin’s survival of the fittest, examining how these fundamental principles govern individual interactions and shape broader social dynamics. >>

<< Current theories hint at two main facets of social interaction, reputation and reciprocity, as potential drivers behind this cooperative evolution. Reputation revolves around building and sustaining trust, social worth, and overall community standing. Conversely, reciprocity governs the mutual exchange of actions or benefits, influencing our choices. >>

<< One intriguing concept explored in this domain is Parrondo’s paradox: combining or switching between two losing strategies might surprisingly achieve a winning outcome. The role of Parrondo’s paradox in complex systems has sparked key research into chaotic many-body, quantum, and algorithmic network applications, where combining elements yields opposing beneficial results. Similarly, social physicists aim to uncover hidden mechanisms that govern societal phenomena by integrating the paradox’s counterintuitive principles. >>️

<< The game-theoretic Parrondo’s paradox emerges through multiple iterations of these interactions (..) A naive observation might conclude that in either scheme the chance of individuals losing to the environment is higher than gaining from the environment. For the reputation scheme, one is rewarded with a singular capital from the environment but is punished with two. Similarly, the reciprocity scheme only allows for the redistribution of capital or loss of capital. In reality, diverse schemes can be adopted by different individuals. Thus, (AA) suggest two forms of switching: (1) stochastic switching, where the individual randomly selects one of two schemes to employ with equal probability, and (2) rule-based switching, where the individual only selects the reputation scheme if it passes the reputation threshold ρ; otherwise, it employs the reciprocity scheme. >>

AA << also performed simulations on other network topologies (..) Parrondo’s paradox is strongly observed in small-world networks, weakly in the Erdős-Rényi network, and absent in scale-free networks. >>

To conclude, some of these observations << underscore the profound capability of rule-based switching mechanisms inherent in Parrondo’s paradox to emulate and forecast key aspects of real-world social phenomena. Such insights are invaluable for developing sophisticated models and strategies in various fields, ranging from social sciences to policy making, where accurate predictions of social behavior and dynamics are crucial. >>

Joel Weijia Lai, Kang Hao Cheong. Winning with Losses: The Surprising Success of Negative Strategies in Social Interaction Behavior. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 167401. Oct 16, 2024. 

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.167401

Also: Parrondo, tit-for-tat, game, behav, network, in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Keywords: Parrondo, tit-for-tat, game, behavior, behaviour, network

# evol: flip of the script when an entity invert code sequences

<< Jekyll and Hyde flip of the script when bacteria invert gene sequences. If a cell can diversify its own genome, this can be advantageous in the face of changing environmental conditions. Bacteria have been found that can alter encoded proteins by using the trick of sequence inversion inside genes. >>️

Chia-Chi Chang, Robert R. Jenq. Jekyll and Hyde flip of the script when bacteria invert gene sequences. Nature 634, 42-43. Sep 25, 2024. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02807-6

Chia-Chi Chang, Robert R. Jenq. Bacteria invert gene sequences to flip the script. Nature. Vol 634. Oct 3, 2024 (pdf)  https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-024-02807-6/d41586-024-02807-6.pdf

Chanin RB, West PT, et al. Intragenic DNA inversions expand bacterial coding capacity. Nature. 2024 Oct; 634 (8032): 234-242. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07970-4. Sep 25, 2024. 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39322669/

Also: evolution,  in https://www.inkgmr.net/kwrds.html 

Also: 

DNA https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=dna 

RNA https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=rna 

CODES https://flashontrack.blogspot.com/search?q=codes

Also (quasi-stochastic poetry): 

DNA  https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=dna 

RNA https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=rna 

CODICE https://inkpi.blogspot.com/search?q=codice

Keywords: evolution, codes, DNA, RNA